BIO230H1

U of T

Course Overview

Lessons & Practice

I. Welcome

2 min

1. Review of Cell Types

34min

1.I. Intro: Prokaryotes42 sec

1.1.1. Prokaryotes6 min

1.1.2. Practice

1.1.3. Practice

1.1.4. Practice

1.1.5. Diversity of Bacteria4 min

1.1.6. Practice

1.1.7. Practice

1.2.1. Eukaryotic Cells [Introduction for detailed courses]2 min

1.2.2. Illustrations of Cellular Components7 min

1.2.3. Ribosomes 3 min

1.2.4. Peroxisomes3 min

1.2.5. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts6 min

1.2.6. Plant versus Animal Cells3 min

1.Q. Quiz: Prokaryotes6 Qns

2. Genomes

2.7hr

2.1.1. The Central Dogma of Biology4 min

2.1.2. Practice 1

2.1.3. Practice 22 min

2.1.4. Practice 32 min

2.2.1. The Gene and the Genome6 min

2.2.2. Practice Problem 12 min

2.2.3. Practice Problem 22 min

2.2.4. Practice Problem 31 min

2.2.5. Practice Problem 41 min

2.3.1. Review of DNA Structure10 min

2.3.2. Practice 12 min

2.3.3. Practice 2

2.4.1. DNA Replication in Cells14 min

2.4.2. Example: Leading and Lagging Strands2 min

2.4.3. Practice 12 min

2.4.4. Practice 23 min

2.4.5. Example: Complete the Replication Bubble4 min

2.4.6. Telomerase4 min

2.4.7. Practice 11 min

2.4.8. Practice 22 min

2.5.1. Genes and mRNA8 min

2.5.2. General Structure of mRNA4 min

2.5.3. The Genetic Code8 min

2.5.4. Reading Frame3 min

2.5.5. Practice 13 min

2.5.6. Practice 22 min

2.5.7. Practice 32 min

2.5.8. Practice 43 min

2.5.9. Summary of Genes and mRNA

2.6.1. Types of DNA Mutations9 min

2.6.2. Practice 1

2.6.3. Practice 2

2.6.4. Sources of Mutation: Tautomeric Shifts7 min

2.6.5. Example: Tautomeric Shifts4 min

2.6.6. Sources of Mutation: DNA Slippage5 min

2.6.7. Sources of Mutation: Copy Number Variations3 min

2.6.8. Sources of Mutation: Mobile Elements7 min

2.7.1. Repair of Mutations During Replication [Exonuclease Activity and Mismatch Repair]10 min

2.7.2. Repair of Mutations by Mutagens [Nucleotide Excision Repair]3 min

2.7.3. Practice 12 min

2.8.1. Repair of DNA Double Stranded Breaks [detailed]9 min

2.8.2. Practice 12 min

3. Regulation of Gene Expression

3hr

3.1.1. Genes and mRNA8 min

3.1.2. General Structure of mRNA4 min

3.1.3. The Genetic Code8 min

3.1.4. Reading Frame3 min

3.1.5. Practice 13 min

3.1.6. Practice 22 min

3.1.7. Practice 32 min

3.1.8. Practice 43 min

3.1.9. Summary of Genes and mRNA

3.2.1. Initiation8 min

3.2.2. Elongation7 min

3.2.3. Termination4 min

3.2.4. Practice 14 min

3.2.5. Practice 22 min

3.2.6. Practice 3

3.3.1. Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression4 min

3.3.2. Prokaryotic Levels of Regulation6 min

3.3.3. Prokaryotic Regulatory Proteins5 min

3.3.4. Types of Transcriptional Regulation5 min

3.3.5. Practice 1

3.3.6. Practice 2

3.3.7. Practice 3

3.3.8. Gene Regulation - Quiz10 Qns

3.4.1. The Tryptophan (Trp) Operon5 min

3.4.2. Trp Operon Attenuation8 min

3.4.3. The Trp Operon Summary

3.5.1. The Lac Operon5 min

3.5.2. The Lac Operon [detailed]5 min

3.5.3. The Lac Operon & Glucose Regulation [detailed]5 min

3.5.4. Practice 1

3.5.5. Practice 2

3.5.6. Practice 3

3.5.7. Lac Operon Summary

3.5.8. Example 1

3.5.9. Example 2

3.5.10. Practice 1

3.6.1. The Maltose (mal) Operon 4 min

3.6.6. Practice Problem 13 min

3.6.7. Practice Problem 23 min

3.6.8. Practice Problem 39 min

3.7.1. Transcription In Eukaryotes9 min

3.7.2. Practice 1

3.7.3. Regulation of Eukaryotic Transcription12 min

3.7.4. Chromatin state and histone modifications7 min

3.7.5. Practice Problem 13 min

3.7.6. Practice Problem 24 min

3.7.7. Practice Problem 345 sec

3.7.8. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Transcription7 min

3.7.9. Practice: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Transcription

3.7.10. Practice: General Transcription Factors

3.8.1. Transcription Factors, Enhancers and Repressors3 min

3.8.2. Practice 1

3.8.3. Practice 2

3.9.1. Epigenetic Gene Regulation5 min

3.9.2. X-Chromosome Inactivation4 min

3.9.3. Practice 1

3.9.4. Practice 2

3.10.1. Transcription - Quiz12 Qns

4. RNA Processing & Regulation

23min

4.1.1. RNA Maturation in Eukaryotes8 min

4.1.2. Example 3 min

4.1.3. Practice 11 min

4.1.4. Practice 23 min

4.1.5. mRNA Maturation - Theory3 min

4.1.6. Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation6 min

4.1.7. Practice 1

4.1.8. Practice 2

6. Cell Structure

60min

6.1.1. The Endomembrane System2 min

6.1.2. The Nucleus5 min

6.1.3. The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)4 min

6.1.4. The Golgi Apparatus3 min

6.1.5. Lysosomes, Vacuoles and Vesicles

6.2.1. Cytoskeleton Overview [short lesson]5 min

6.2.2. Microtubules6 min

6.2.3. Actin Microfilaments4 min

6.2.4. Intermediate Filaments3 min

6.2.5. Practice 1

6.2.6. Practice 2

6.2.7. Illustrations of the Cytoskeleton4 min

6.3.1. Motor Proteins5 min

6.3.2. Flagella and Cilia3 min

6.3.3. Practice 1

6.3.4. Practice 2

6.4.1. Extracellular Matrix2 min

6.4.2. Junctions and Adhesions5 min

6.4.3. Practice 1

6.4.4. Practice 2

6.4.5. Practice 3

6.5.1. Extracellular Matrix2 min

6.5.2. Plant Cell Wall54 sec

6.5.3. Junctions and Adhesions4 min

7. The Plasma Membrane

2.4hr

7.1.1. The Fluid Mosaic Model5 min

7.1.2. Factors Affecting Membrane Fluidity5 min

7.1.3. Practice 1

7.1.4. Practice 21 min

7.1.5. Practice 31 min

7.2.1. Thermodynamics of membrane formation9 min

7.2.2. Practice 16 min

7.3.1. Membrane Permeability3 min

7.3.2. Introduction and Passive Transport7 min

7.3.3. Practice 12 min

7.3.4. Practice 2

7.4.1. Active Transport7 min

7.4.2. Example 3 min

7.4.3. Practice 13 min

7.5.1. Osmosis and Osmolarity6 min

7.5.2. Practice 14 min

7.5.3. Practice 21 min

7.6.1. Endocytosis and Exocytosis

7.6.2. Practice 1

7.6.3. Practice 21 min

7.7.1. Proteins in the Lipid Bilayer1 min

7.7.2. Peripheral Membrane Proteins5 min

7.7.3. Integral Membrane Proteins5 min

7.7.4. Measuring Hydrophobicity7 min

7.7.5. Membrane Protein Folding2 min

7.7.6. Practice: Peripheral Membrane Proteins1 min

7.7.7. Practice: Integral Membrane Proteins1 min

7.7.8. Practice: Hydropathy49 sec

7.7.9. Practice: Integral Membrane Proteins55 sec

7.8.1. Membrane Proteins4 min

7.8.2. Example: Active vs. Passive Transport5 min

7.8.3. Practice: Membrane Proteins

7.9.1. Bacteriorhodopsin4 min

7.9.2. Porins2 min

7.9.3. Transport Proteins: Ion Channels4 min

7.9.4. Example: Bacteriorhodopsin1 min

7.9.5. Example: G-protein Coupled Receptors1 min

7.9.6. Example: Membrane Proteins1 min

7.9.7. Practice: Potassium Ion Channels59 sec

7.9.8. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)5 min

7.9.9. Active Transport7 min

7.9.10. Introduction and Passive Transport7 min

7.9.11. G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)7 min

7.9.12. Ion Channel Receptors2 min

8. Multicellular Development

38min

8.1.1. Overview of Animal Physiology2 min

8.1.2. Animal Tissue Types2 min

8.1.3. Multicellular Organisms5 min

8.1.4. Cell Differentiation - Tissues8 min

8.1.5. Practice Question - Epithelial Cells2 min

8.1.6. Practice

8.2.1. Drosophila Development9 min

8.2.2. Segmentation genes and development5 min

8.2.3. What is the phenotype of the Drosophila gurken gene - Practice Question3 min

8.2.4. New Practice Question

8.2.5. New Practice Question

8.3.1. Stem Cells3 min

8.3.2. New Practice Question

9. Cell Communication

1.3hr

9.1.1. Types of Cell Communication 10 min

9.1.2. Practice 13 min

9.1.3. Practice 22 min

9.1.4. Practice 32 min

9.2.1. Internal Receptors4 min

9.2.2. G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)7 min

9.2.3. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)5 min

9.2.4. Ion Channel Receptors2 min

9.2.5. Practice 12 min

9.2.6. Practice 22 min

9.2.7. Practice 33 min

9.3.1. Signal Transduction6 min

9.3.2. Practice 12 min

9.3.3. Practice 21 min

9.4.1. Second Messengers5 min

9.4.2. Practice 12 min

9.5.1. Second Messengers9 min

9.5.2. Practice 12 min

9.5.3. Practice 22 min

9.6.1. Response to Signaling5 min

9.6.2. Practice 12 min

9.6.3. Practice 22 min

10. The Control of Cell Numbers

1.5hr

10.1.1. The Gene and the Genome10 min

10.1.2. Practice 11 min

10.2.1. Phases of the Cell Cycle5 min

10.2.2. Practice 12 min

10.3.1. Mitosis and Cytokinesis7 min

10.3.2. Cytokinesis2 min

10.3.3. Ploidy & C-value coefficients5 min

10.3.4. Practice 13 min

10.3.5. Practice 23 min

10.3.6. Practice 3

10.3.7. Practice 4

10.4.1. Cell cycle Control7 min

10.4.2. Putting the Breaks on the Cell Cycle4 min

10.4.3. Example1 min

10.4.4. Practice 139 sec

10.4.5. Practice 22 min

10.5.1. Prokaryotic Growth Phases3 min

10.5.2. Practice 1

10.5.3. Practice 2

10.6.1. Binary Fission: Prokaryotic Cytokinesis3 min

10.6.2. Practice 1

10.7.1. Cancer and Oncogenes14 min

10.7.2. Proto-oncogenes2 min

10.8.1. Apoptosis5 min

10.8.2. Example: Apoptosis2 min

10.8.3. Apoptosis in Drosophila (Fruit flies) & Mammals - Theory6 min

10.8.4. Example Problem - Apoptosis46 sec

10.8.5. Practice Question - Apoptosis2 min

10.8.6. New Practice Question

10.8.7. New Practice Question

10.8.8. New Practice Question

11. Lab Techniques for Biology

2.4hr

11.1.1. Gene mapping6 min

11.1.2. Gene Mapping4 min

11.2.1. DNA Sequencing9 min

11.3.1. Plasmids3 min

11.3.2. Restriction Enzymes3 min

11.3.3. Creating and Using Recombinant Plasmids5 min

11.3.4. Cloning practice problem 16 min

11.3.5. Cloning practice problem 25 min

11.4.1. Centrifugation2 min

11.4.2. Chromatography4 min

11.4.3. Practice

11.5.1. Protein Detection Techniques6 min

11.5.2. SDS-PAGE (Electrophoresis)6 min

11.5.3. Mass Spectrometry2 min

11.5.4. Practice 1

11.6.1. (Agarose) Gel Electrophoresis 3 min

11.7.1. Proteomics4 min

11.7.2. Chromatin Immuno-Precipitation (ChIP) 2 min

11.7.3. Practice 1

11.7.4. Practice 2

11.7.5. Practice 3

11.8.1. Southern Blot2 min

11.8.2. Northern Blot2 min

11.8.3. Practice

11.9.1. Genome Editing11 min

11.9.2. CRISPR [detailed]9 min

11.9.3. Practice 1

11.9.4. Practice 2

11.10.1. Gene Cloning5 min

11.10.2. Plasmids2 min

11.10.3. Restriction Enzymes or Endonucleases3 min

11.11.1. Molecular Genetics Quiz5 Qns

11.12.1. DNA polymerase5 min

11.12.2. PCR6 min

11.12.3. Practice Problem 16 min

11.12.4. Practice Problem 24 min

11.13.1. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)10 min

11.13.2. Primer Design3 min

11.13.3. Example 15 min

11.13.4. Practice 12 min

11.13.5. Practice 2

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Answered

Aseel Y

Hi there, I just want to ask why Homeostasis section is not available!

Danielle S

Instructor

Thank you for bringing this to our attention and your patience in allowing us to solve the issue!

The chapter now has the content ready for you to explore and review.

Answered

Anonymous

Is glycolysis not covered in this course?

Lila H

Instructor

It is currently included in Section 5 "Energy and Metabolism"

Answered

Anonymous

What is the difference between gene flow and genetic drift 

Isaura F

Instructor

Gene flow is the transfer of genetic information from one population to another. Genetic drift is the variation of the relative frequency of a particular allele (version of a gene) within a population. Hope this helps!

Answered

Shannon W

What's neurons?

Marlon B

A nerve cell

Answered

Alexis E

whats a hydrogen bond?

Marlon B

A bond between an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and electronegative atom in the other 

Answered

Anonymous

Are there any parts of the human body that get oxygen directly from the air and not from the blood?

Isaura F

Instructor

Seems like the outer layers of skin and outer cornea (of your eyes) are able to get oxygen directly from air. 

Answered

Laura P

How does climate change affect wildlife in ontario? 

Isaura F

Instructor

"In Ontario, [one] can expect average temperatures to rise by as much as 3 to 8 degrees Celsius over the next century. Warmer temperatures will result in milder winters, longer growing seasons and a higher frequency of severe weather events such as record-breaking storms, floods, droughts and heat waves." For more info, check out: http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/common/ministry/publications/reports/climate_change_toolkit/climate_change_health_modelling_study.pdf

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BIO230H1

Course Overview

1. Review of Cell Types

2. Genomes

3. Regulation of Gene Expression

4. RNA Processing & Regulation

5. Regulation of the Proteome

6. Cell Structure

7. The Plasma Membrane

8. Multicellular Development

9. Cell Communication

10. The Control of Cell Numbers

11. Lab Techniques for Biology

I Welcome

Free Activity

Ask a Question

Aseel Y

Danielle S

Anonymous

Lila H

Anonymous

Isaura F

Shannon W

Marlon B

Alexis E

Marlon B

Anonymous

Isaura F

Laura P

Isaura F

Welcome to First Year Bio!