CHM220H1

U of T

Course Overview

Lessons & Practice

I. Welcome

1. Thermodynamics: Part 1: (0th law, 1st law, Calorimetry, Enthalpy)

2.3hr

1.1.1. Thermodynamics4 min

1.1.2. State Variables 3 min

1.1.3. Example2 min

1.1.4. Extensive vs Intensive Properties 2 min

1.1.5. Additional Terminology5 min

1.2.1. 0th Law of Thermodynamics 3 min

1.3.1. The 1st Law of Thermodynamics7 min

1.3.2. Signs of Heat and Work & Calculating Work4 min

1.3.3. Example5 min

1.3.4. Practice1 min

1.3.5. Practice3 min

1.4.1. Expansion Due to Chemical Reaction8 min

1.4.2. Example4 min

1.4.3. Practice2 min

1.5.1. Calorimetry12 min

1.5.2. Heat Capacity of Ideal Gases2 min

1.5.3. Practice3 min

1.5.4. Practice

1.6.1. Heat Capacity and Calorimetry13 min

1.6.2. Example7 min

1.6.3. Example6 min

1.6.4. Practice56 sec

1.6.5. Practice10 min

1.6.6. Example7 min

1.6.7. Practice

1.7.1. Enthalpy of Reaction2 min

1.7.2. Example4 min

1.8.1. Heats of Formation6 min

1.8.3. Practice

1.8.4. Practice

1.9.1. Bond Energies4 min

1.9.3. Practice

1.10.1. Hess’ Law5 min

1.10.2. Practice

1.10.3. Practice [challenging]1 min

2. Thermodynamics Part 2: (2nd Law-entropy, 3rd Law, Gibbs Free Energy, Spontaneity)

1.1hr

2.1.1. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics (Entropy)6 min

2.1.2. Factors Affecting Entropy Changes 10 min

2.1.3. Example1 min

2.1.4. Practice1 min

2.1.5. Practice4 min

2.2.1. Additional Equations for Entropy

2.2.2. Example: Entropy Calculation3 min

2.2.3. Example: Entropy Calculation9 min

2.3.1. 3rd Law of Thermodynamics1 min

2.3.2. Summary of the Laws of Thermodynamics

2.4.1. Gibbs Free Energy and Spontaneity2 min

2.4.2. Spontaneity 7 min

2.4.3. Example: Spontaneity of a Reaction

2.4.4. Predicting Spontaneity Based off Entropy2 min

2.5.1. Chemical Equilibrium and ΔG Equations5 min

2.5.2. DeltaGo and K 3 min

2.5.4. Chemical Equilibrium and ΔG Practice

2.5.5. Chemical Equilibrium and ΔG Practice #2

2.5.6. Chemical Equilibrium and ΔG Practice #3

2.5.7. Van't Hoff Practice Problem

3. Kinetics

2.4hr

3.1.1. Introduction to Kinetics1 min

3.2.1. Reaction Rates 3 min

3.2.2. Measuring Reaction Rates4 min

3.2.3. Practice: Rate of Reaction6 min

3.2.4. Practice: Rate of Reaction5 min

3.3.1. Rate Laws2 min

3.3.2. Example: Determining Reaction Order44 sec

3.3.3. Determining the Rate Law From Experimental Data 10 min

3.3.4. Shortcut to Find Units of k Quicker 3 min

3.3.5. Practice: Experimental Rate Law 6 min

3.3.6. Practice: Determining Rate Law Exponents

3.3.7. Practice: Rate Law1 min

3.3.8. Practice: Units of the Rate Constant, K5 min

3.4.1. Integrated Rate Laws for Various Orders 7 min

3.4.2. Example: Plotting a Straight Line with the Integrated Rate Laws

3.4.3. Practice: Integrated Rate Laws Practice

3.4.4. Integrated Rate Laws Cheatsheet

3.4.5. First Order Reactions

3.4.6. Second Order Reactions

3.5.1. Half-life for Various Orders 4 min

3.5.2. Practice: Half-Life

3.5.3. Practice: Radioactive Decay in Smoke Detectors1 min

3.6.1. Arrhenius Equation1 min

3.6.2. Example: Arrhenius Equation

3.6.3. Example: Arrhenius Equation1 min

3.6.4. Practice: Arrhenius Equation

3.7.1. How Do We Measure Ea39 sec

3.7.2. Practice: Determining the Activation Energy39 sec

3.8.1. 3 Neccessary Steps For a Reaction to Occur 1 min

3.8.2. Collision Theory7 min

3.8.3. Collision Theory Represented By A Graph2 min

3.8.4. Transition State Theory 4 min

3.8.5. Additional Notes on the Arrhenius Equation 9 min

3.9.1. Reactions Mechanisms – Elementary Reactions4 min

3.9.2. Example: Reactions Mechanisms – Elementary Steps

3.9.3. Rate Determining Step Introduction 5 min

3.9.4. Example: Rate Determining Step14 min

3.9.5. Practice: Rate of A Reaction

3.9.6. Practice: Reaction Coordinate Diagram4 min

3.9.7. Practice: Mechanism

3.10.1. Catalysts3 min

3.10.2. Enzymes4 min

3.10.3. Example: Identifying a Catalyst Vs an Intermediate In a Mechanism 2 min

3.10.4. Example: Catalysts 224 sec

3.11.1. Steady State Approximation

3.11.2. Example: Steady State Approximation 11 min

3.12.1. Pre-Equilibrium4 min

3.12.2. Practice: Pre-Equilibrium

4. Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

1.9hr

4.1.1. Intramolecular vs Intermolecular Forces5 min

4.1.2. Intermolecular Forces Theory15 min

4.1.5. Practice9 min

4.2.1. Types of Intermolecular Forces (more detailed version)9 min

4.2.2. Strength of Intermolecular Forces Cheatsheet

4.2.3. Example4 min

4.2.4. Example4 min

4.2.5. Practice

4.2.6. Practice

4.3.1. Phases of Matter3 min

4.3.2. Intermolecular Forces and Boiling Point11 min

4.3.3. Other Physical Properties and Intermolecular Forces6 min

4.3.4. Example9 min

4.3.5. Example4 min

4.3.6. Practice

4.3.7. Practice

4.4.1. Viscosity 5 min

4.4.2. Surface Tension6 min

4.4.3. Capillary Action10 min

4.4.4. Example4 min

4.4.6. Practice

4.4.7. Practice 8 min

4.5.1. Vapour Pressure Equation

4.5.2. Practice

4.Q. Exam Practise & Problems5 Qns

5. Phase Transitions and Phase Diagrams

1hr

5.1.1. Phase Transitions7 min

5.1.2. Practice

5.2.1. Introduction to the Heat Curve15 min

5.2.2. Important Things to Know About the Heat Curve6 min

5.2.3. Example8 min

5.2.4. Practice

5.2.5. Practice

5.3.1. Phase Diagrams13 min

5.3.2. Extra Low Yield Information for Phase Diagrams4 min

5.3.3. Example4 min

5.3.4. Practice

5.3.5. Example5 min

5.3.6. Practice

5.Q. Exam Practise & Problems14 Qns

6. Equilibrium

2.6hr

6.I. Chapter Intro3 min

6.1.1. Introduction to Equilibrium 2 min

6.1.2. Understanding Equilibrium3 min

6.2.1. Concentration vs Time Graphs4 min

6.2.2. Practice3 min

6.2.3. Practice6 min

6.3.1. Equilibrium Constant (K)10 min

6.3.2. The Magnitude of the Equilibrium Constant, K8 min

6.3.3. Practice2 min

6.3.4. Practice4 min

6.4.1. Manipulating Equilibrium Constants5 min

6.4.2. Practice7 min

6.5.1. Solving for Kc vs Kp 5 min

6.6.1. Predicting Equilibria: The Reaction Quotient (Q) 6 min

6.6.2. Example4 min

6.6.3. Practice3 min

6.6.4. Practice

6.7.1. Le Chatelier's Priniciple14 min

6.7.2. Practice6 min

6.7.3. Practice

6.8.1. Changes to Concentration Time Graphs Based on Changes To The System11 min

6.8.2. Le Châtelier's Principle - Change in Concentration2 min

6.8.3. Le Châtelier's Principle - Change in Volume/Pressure3 min

6.8.4. Le Châtelier's Principle - Change in Temperature3 min

6.8.5. Le Châtelier's Principle - Other2 min

6.9.1. Intro to ICE Tables

6.9.2. Example 19 min

6.9.3. Example 29 min

6.9.4. Example 33 min

6.9.5. Example 49 min

6.9.6. Example 512 min

6.Q. Exam Practise & Problems9 Qns

7. Other Examples of Equilibria (ex. Solubility)

1.3hr

7.1.1. Solubility8 min

7.1.2. Example: Ksp

7.1.3. Practice: Calculating Molar Solubility2 min

7.1.4. Practice: Solubility8 min

7.2.1. Solubility Chart 8 min

7.2.2. Q vs K to Predict Solubility5 min

7.2.3. Solubility Products3 min

7.2.4. Example5 min

7.2.5. Example5 min

7.2.6. Example: Will A Precipitate Form?16 min

7.2.7. Practice: Solubility and Equilibrium3 min

7.2.8. Practice

7.3.1. Factors that Affect Solubility2 min

7.3.2. Common-ion Effect Introduction4 min

7.3.3. Common-ion Effect Problem 7 min

7.3.4. common-ion effect

7.3.5. Practice: Molar Solubility

7.3.6. Practice: Ranking Solubility2 min

8. Solutions and Colligative Properties

26min

8.1.1. Concentrations4 min

8.1.2. Example: Dilution54 sec

8.1.3. Practice: Molarity3 min

8.1.4. Practice: Stoichiometry/Density Conversions2 min

8.2.1. Colligative Properties10 min

8.2.2. Example: Freezing Point Depression2 min

8.2.3. Practice: Vapor Pressure 2 min

8.2.4. Practice: Osmotic Pressure 3 min

8.Q. Checkpoint Quiz - Solution Chemistry, Colligative Properties, Entropy7 Qns

8.P.1. Practice: Osmotic Pressure II

8.P.2. Practice: Molality

8.P.3. Practice: Final Volume

8.P.4. Practice: Stoichiometry Problem

8.P.5. Practice: Molarity II

8.P.6. Practice: Molarity III

9. Electrochemistry

3hr

9.1.1. Oxidation States - Additional Information5 min

9.1.2. Oxidation States7 min

9.1.3. Example3 min

9.1.4. Practice

9.1.5. Practice

9.2.1. Redox Reactions Theory8 min

9.2.2. Practice3 min

9.2.3. Practice49 sec

9.2.4. Practice

9.3.1. Balancing Redox Reactions-Half Reaction Method 18 min

9.3.2. Practice

9.4.1. Reduction Potentials 10 min

9.4.2. How Potentials Relate to Spontaneity 7 min

9.4.3. Example: Electrochemical Cell Practice 4 min

9.4.4. Practice: Strongest Reducing Agent3 min

9.5.1. Galvanic/Voltaic Cells13 min

9.5.2. Practice: Galvanic Cells44 sec

9.5.3. Practice: Galvanic Cells 5 min

9.5.4. Example: Will A Reaction Occur? 10 min

9.5.5. Example: Electrochemistry2 min

9.5.6. Practice: Electrochemistry2 min

9.6.1. Cell Diagram 2 min

9.6.2. Practice: Cell Diagram For An Electrochemical Cell

9.6.3. Practice: Electrochemical Cells6 min

9.7.1. Cell Potential Equations 2 min

9.7.2. Example: Solving for Keq and deltaGo 5 min

9.7.3. Practice: Electrochemistry II3 min

9.7.4. Electrochemical Cells in Non-standard Conditions: Nernst Equation1 min

9.7.5. Example: Electrochemical Cell Practice with Equations11 min

9.7.6. Practice: Electrochemistry Equations

9.8.1. Types of Batteries 8 min

9.8.2. Rechargeable Batteries 13 min

9.8.3. Corrosion and Prevention11 min

9.8.4. Concentration Cells 15 min

9.9.1. Electrolytic Cells7 min

9.9.2. Faraday's Law of Electrolysis 5 min

9.9.3. Summary of Galvanic Vs Electrolytic Cell

9.9.4. G, E, and K Summary

10. Early Atomic Theory to Quantum Theory

3hr

10.1.1. Review of Previous Atomic Models 12 min

10.2.1. Electromagnetic Spectrum2 min

10.2.2. Photon Equations5 min

10.2.3. Photon Equations (Cntd.)9 min

10.2.4. Example4 min

10.2.5. Example3 min

10.2.6. Practice1 min

10.2.7. Practice4 min

10.3.1. Blackbody Radiation3 min

10.4.1. The Photoelectric Effect8 min

10.4.2. The Photoelectric Effect Equation11 min

10.4.3. Example5 min

10.4.4. Practice3 min

10.4.5. Practice5 min

10.5.1. The Basics of Absorption and Emission Spectra3 min

10.5.2. Bohr's Atomic Model 12 min

10.5.3. Absorption vs Emission of a Photon3 min

10.5.4. Example4 min

10.5.5. Example3 min

10.6.1. Bohr Model Equations8 min

10.6.2. Example4 min

10.6.3. Example8 min

10.6.4. Practice 6 min

10.7.1. The Bohr Model and Atomic Line Spectra7 min

10.7.2. Relating Electronic Transitions to Emission Spectra8 min

10.7.3. Example4 min

10.7.4. Practice

10.7.5. Practice1 min

10.8.1. Wave-Particle Duality 8 min

10.8.2. Example2 min

10.8.3. Practice

10.8.4. Practice3 min

10.9.1. The Bohr Model Vs The Quantum Model6 min

10.10.1. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle5 min

10.10.2. Example9 min

10.10.3. Practice4 min

10.11.1. Standing Waves & Particle in a 1-D Box5 min

10.11.2. Example

10.11.3. Example43 sec

10.11.4. Practice3 min

10.12.1. Schrodinger's Equation3 min

10.Q. Exam Practise & Problems14 Qns

11. Quantum Numbers and Electron Configurations

3hr

11.1.1. Quantum Numbers11 min

11.1.2. Quantum Numbers Cheatsheet

11.1.3. Example3 min

11.1.4. Example5 min

11.1.5. Example1 min

11.1.6. Practice1 min

11.2.1. Shapes (aka Boundary Diagrams) of Atomic Orbitals7 min

11.2.2. Drawing Atomic Orbitals7 min

11.2.3. Example3 min

11.2.4. Practice

11.3.1. Angular and Radial Nodes10 min

11.3.2. Wave Properties of Electrons4 min

11.3.3. Plotting Radial Electron Probability8 min

11.3.4. Example3 min

11.3.5. Example3 min

11.3.6. Example2 min

11.3.7. Practice4 min

11.3.8. Nodes7 min

11.4.1. Relative Energies of Atomic Orbitals11 min

11.4.2. Rules for Orbital Filling10 min

11.4.3. Example2 min

11.4.4. Example1 min

11.4.5. Practice2 min

11.4.6. Practice

11.5.1. Electronic Configurations of Atoms11 min

11.5.2. Electron Configurastions Cheatsheet

11.5.3. Electron Configuration Exceptions5 min

11.5.4. Example3 min

11.5.5. Example3 min

11.5.6. Practice

11.5.7. Practice4 min

11.5.8. Practice

11.6.1. Electron Configurations of Ions of Main Group Elements9 min

11.6.2. Electron Configuration of Ions of Transition Elements2 min

11.6.3. Example5 min

11.6.4. Example5 min

11.6.5. Practice3 min

11.7.1. Diamagnetic Vs Paramagnetic 7 min

11.7.2. Example8 min

11.7.3. Practice

11.8.1. Ground State Vs Excited State Electron Configurations6 min

11.8.2. Example2 min

11.8.3. Example

11.8.4. Practice4 min

11.8.5. Practice5 min

11.Q. Exam Practise & Problems11 Qns

12. Structure Elucidation (IR Spectroscopy, NMR, Mass Spectrometry)

1.9hr

12.1.1. Infrared Spectroscopy10 min

12.1.2. IR Spectroscopy Table

12.1.3. Example1 min

12.1.4. Example1 min

12.1.5. Example1 min

12.1.6. Practice

12.1.7. Practice

12.1.8. Practice

12.1.9. Practice

12.1.10. Practice

12.1.11. Infrared Spectroscopy Cheatsheet

12.2.1. Mass Spectrometry18 min

12.2.2. Example: Mass Spectrometry 1

12.2.3. Example: Mass Spectrometry 2

12.2.4. Example: Mass Spectrometry 3

12.2.5. Mass Spectrometry Practice

12.2.6. Mass Spectrum Practice Problem

12.2.7. Mass Spectrum Practice Problem

12.3.1. Introduction to NMR19 min

12.3.2. Example: Intro to NMR 13 min

12.3.3. Example: Intro to NMR 22 min

12.4.1. 1H NMR10 min

12.4.2. Example: 1H NMR 16 min

12.4.3. Example: 1H NMR 25 min

12.4.4. Practice Question: 1H NMR 1

12.4.5. Practice Question: 1H NMR 2

12.4.6. Practice Question: 1H NMR 3

12.5.1. 13C NMR15 min

12.5.2. Example: 13C NMR 14 min

12.5.3. Example: 13C NMR 27 min

12.5.4. Example: 13C NMR 1

12.5.5. Example: 13C NMR 2

12.5.6. Example: 13C NMR 3

12.6.1. Visible Region of the Electromagnetic Spectrum 4 min

12.6.2. UV-vis Theory4 min

12.6.3. UV-vis Practice Problem

12.7.1. Structure Elucidation

12.7.2. Spectroscopy Overview

12.Q. Checkpoint Quiz8 Qns

12.P.1. Practice: Structure Elucidation 1

12.P.2. Practice: Structure Elucidation 2

12.P.3. Practice: Structure Elucidation 3

13. Solutions and Colligative Properties

32min

13.1.1. Concentrations4 min

13.1.2. Example: Dilution54 sec

13.1.3. Practice: Molarity3 min

13.1.4. Practice: Stoichiometry/Density Conversions2 min

13.2.1. Entropy4 min

13.2.2. Example: Qualitatively Estimating Entropy Changes1 min

13.2.3. Colligative Properties10 min

13.2.4. Example: Freezing Point Depression2 min

13.2.5. Practice: Vapor Pressure 2 min

13.2.6. Practice: Osmotic Pressure 3 min

13.Q. Checkpoint Quiz - Solution Chemistry, Colligative Properties, Entropy7 Qns

13.P.1. Practice: Osmotic Pressure II

13.P.2. Practice: Molality

13.P.3. Practice: Final Volume

13.P.4. Practice: Stoichiometry Problem

13.P.5. Practice: Molarity II

13.P.6. Practice: Molarity III

14. Nuclear Chemistry

29min

14.1.1. Atomic Structure and Weight Theory4 min

14.1.2. Alpha Decay2 min

14.1.3. Beta Decay3 min

14.1.4. Gamma Decay2 min

14.1.5. Writing Nuclear Decay Reactions

14.2.1. Predicting Decay Pathways5 min

14.2.2. Rate and Half-Life1 min

14.2.3. Isotopic Dating3 min

14.2.4. Predicting Decay Pathways

14.2.5. Calcium-41 Decay

14.2.6. Carbon Dating a Fossil

14.3.1. Mass Energy Conversion4 min

14.3.2. Types of Nuclear Reactions5 min

14.3.3. Nuclear Binding Energy

14.4.1. Nuclear Chemistry Quiz6 Qns

15. Structure Elucidation (IR Spectroscopy, NMR, Mass Spectrometry)

1.9hr

15.1.1. Infrared Spectroscopy10 min

15.1.2. IR Spectroscopy Table

15.1.3. Example1 min

15.1.4. Example1 min

15.1.5. Example1 min

15.1.6. Practice

15.1.7. Practice

15.1.8. Practice

15.1.9. Practice

15.1.10. Practice

15.1.11. Infrared Spectroscopy Cheatsheet

15.2.1. Mass Spectrometry18 min

15.2.2. Example: Mass Spectrometry 1

15.2.3. Example: Mass Spectrometry 2

15.2.4. Example: Mass Spectrometry 3

15.2.5. Mass Spectrometry Practice

15.2.6. Mass Spectrum Practice Problem

15.2.7. Mass Spectrum Practice Problem

15.3.1. Introduction to NMR19 min

15.3.2. Example: Intro to NMR 13 min

15.3.3. Example: Intro to NMR 22 min

15.4.1. 1H NMR10 min

15.4.2. Example: 1H NMR 16 min

15.4.3. Example: 1H NMR 25 min

15.4.4. Practice Question: 1H NMR 1

15.4.5. Practice Question: 1H NMR 2

15.4.6. Practice Question: 1H NMR 3

15.5.1. 13C NMR15 min

15.5.2. Example: 13C NMR 14 min

15.5.3. Example: 13C NMR 27 min

15.5.4. Example: 13C NMR 1

15.5.5. Example: 13C NMR 2

15.5.6. Example: 13C NMR 3

15.6.1. Visible Region of the Electromagnetic Spectrum 4 min

15.6.2. UV-vis Theory4 min

15.6.3. UV-vis Practice Problem

15.7.1. Structure Elucidation

15.7.2. Spectroscopy Overview

15.Q. Checkpoint Quiz8 Qns

15.P.1. Practice: Structure Elucidation 1

15.P.2. Practice: Structure Elucidation 2

15.P.3. Practice: Structure Elucidation 3

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