CHM135H1

U of T

Course Overview

Grade Boosters

Lessons & Practice

I. Welcome

1. Early Atomic Theory to Quantum Theory

43min

1.1.1. Review of Previous Atomic Models 12 min

1.2.1. The Atom and its Subatomic Particles4 min

1.2.2. Example4 min

1.2.3. Practice2 min

1.3.1. Isotopes and Atomic Mass5 min

1.3.2. Example2 min

1.3.3. Practice6 min

1.3.4. Practice9 min

2. Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

4hr

2.1.1. Electromagnetic Spectrum2 min

2.1.2. Photon Equations5 min

2.1.3. Photon Equations (Cntd.)9 min

2.1.4. Example4 min

2.1.5. Example3 min

2.1.6. Practice1 min

2.1.7. Practice4 min

2.2.1. The Photoelectric Effect8 min

2.2.2. The Photoelectric Effect Equation11 min

2.2.3. Example5 min

2.2.4. Practice3 min

2.2.5. Practice5 min

2.3.1. The Basics of Absorption and Emission Spectra3 min

2.3.2. Bohr's Atomic Model 12 min

2.3.3. Absorption vs Emission of a Photon3 min

2.3.4. Example4 min

2.3.5. Example3 min

2.4.1. The Bohr Model and Atomic Line Spectra7 min

2.4.2. Relating Electronic Transitions to Emission Spectra8 min

2.4.3. Example4 min

2.4.4. Practice

2.4.5. Practice1 min

2.5.1. Bohr Model Equations8 min

2.5.2. Example4 min

2.5.3. Example8 min

2.5.4. Practice 6 min

2.6.1. Wave-Particle Duality 8 min

2.6.2. Example1 min

2.6.3. Practice

2.6.4. Practice3 min

2.7.1. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle5 min

2.7.2. Example3 min

2.7.3. Practice4 min

2.8.1. The Bohr Model Vs The Quantum Model6 min

2.9.1. Angular and Radial Nodes10 min

2.9.2. Wave Properties of Electrons4 min

2.9.3. Plotting Radial Electron Probability8 min

2.9.4. Example3 min

2.9.5. Example3 min

2.9.6. Example2 min

2.9.7. Practice4 min

2.10.1. Quantum Numbers11 min

2.10.2. Quantum Numbers Cheatsheet

2.10.3. Example3 min

2.10.4. Example5 min

2.10.5. Example1 min

2.10.6. Practice1 min

2.11.1. Shapes (aka Boundary Diagrams) of Atomic Orbitals7 min

2.11.2. Drawing Atomic Orbitals7 min

2.11.3. Example3 min

2.11.4. Practice

3. Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

4hr

3.1.1. Relative Energies of Atomic Orbitals11 min

3.1.2. Rules for Orbital Filling10 min

3.1.3. Example2 min

3.1.4. Example1 min

3.1.5. Practice2 min

3.1.6. Practice

3.2.1. Electronic Configurations of Atoms11 min

3.2.2. Electron Configurastions Cheatsheet

3.2.3. Electron Configuration Exceptions5 min

3.2.4. Example3 min

3.2.5. Example3 min

3.2.6. Practice

3.2.7. Practice4 min

3.2.8. Practice

3.3.1. Electron Configurations of Ions of Main Group Elements9 min

3.3.2. Electron Configuration of Ions of Transition Elements2 min

3.3.3. Example5 min

3.3.4. Example5 min

3.3.5. Practice3 min

3.4.1. Diamagnetic Vs Paramagnetic 7 min

3.4.2. Example8 min

3.4.3. Practice

3.5.1. Ground State Vs Excited State Electron Configurations6 min

3.5.2. Example2 min

3.5.4. Practice4 min

3.5.5. Practice5 min

3.6.1. Effective Nuclear Charge 9 min

3.6.2. Example1 min

3.6.3. Practice2 min

3.7.1. The Periodic Table of Elements9 min

3.7.2. Practice2 min

3.8.1. Atomic Radius7 min

3.8.2. Atomic Radius Theory7 min

3.8.3. Example2 min

3.8.4. Example3 min

3.8.5. Practice1 min

3.9.1. Ionization Energy 5 min

3.9.2. Comparing 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Ionization Energies9 min

3.9.3. Practice2 min

3.9.4. Practice2 min

3.9.5. Practice5 min

3.10.1. Exceptions to Periodic Trends Introduction3 min

3.10.2. Exceptions to Periodic Trends Examples10 min

3.10.3. Exceptions to Periodic Trends Summary2 min

3.10.4. Example3 min

3.10.5. Practice4 min

3.11.1. Electron Affinity 10 min

3.11.2. Example2 min

3.11.3. Practice2 min

3.11.4. Practice4 min

3.12.1. Electronegativity 4 min

3.12.2. Example47 sec

3.12.3. Practice3 min

3.13.1. Periodic Trends Theory2 min

3.13.2. Example5 min

3.13.3. Practice4 min

3.13.4. Practice7 min

3.13.5. Practice2 min

4. Bonding and Intramolecular Forces

2.6hr

4.1.1. Introduction to Intramolecular Bonds4 min

4.1.2. Types of Intramolecular Bonds14 min

4.1.3. Example2 min

4.1.4. Example6 min

4.1.5. Practice2 min

4.1.6. Practice

4.2.1. Lattice Energy (Property of Ionic Bonds)6 min

4.2.2. Example7 min

4.2.3. Example3 min

4.2.4. Practice

4.2.5. Practice

4.3.1. Properties of Covalent Bonds11 min

4.3.3. Practice4 min

4.4.1. Drawing Lewis Structures 17 min

4.4.2. Example11 min

4.4.3. Example7 min

4.4.4. Practice

4.4.5. Practice7 min

4.5.1. VSEPR Theory20 min

4.5.2. Example10 min

4.5.3. Example6 min

4.5.4. Practice

4.5.5. Practice

4.5.6. VSEPR and Molecular Shapes Cheatsheet

4.6.1. Review of Polar Covalent Bonds

4.6.2. Molecular Polarity 8 min

4.6.3. Example8 min

4.6.4. Practice

4.6.5. Practice3 min

5. Intermolecular Forces and Gases

3hr

5.1.1. Intramolecular vs Intermolecular Forces5 min

5.1.2. Intermolecular Forces Theory15 min

5.1.5. Practice9 min

5.2.1. Phases of Matter3 min

5.2.2. Intermolecular Forces and Boiling Point11 min

5.2.3. Other Physical Properties and Intermolecular Forces6 min

5.2.4. Example9 min

5.2.5. Example4 min

5.2.6. Practice

5.2.7. Practice

5.3.1. Vapour Pressure Equation

5.3.2. Practice

5.4.1. Gas Laws11 min

5.4.2. Example5 min

5.4.3. Practice3 min

5.4.4. Practice

5.5.1. The Ideal Gas Law5 min

5.5.2. Example2 min

5.5.3. Example7 min

5.5.4. Practice8 min

5.6.1. Applications of the Ideal Gas Law3 min

5.6.2. Standard Molar Volume 5 min

5.6.3. Example10 min

5.6.4. Practice4 min

5.6.5. Practice

5.6.6. Practice

5.7.1. Gas Mixtures & Partial Pressures6 min

5.7.2. Example2 min

5.7.3. Practice4 min

5.7.4. Practice

5.8.1. Kinetic Molecular Theory 7 min

5.9.1. Relationships Between Kinetic Energy, Temperature, and Speeds!9 min

5.9.2. Root Mean Squared Speed Equation3 min

5.9.3. Example5 min

5.9.4. Example5 min

5.9.5. Practice1 min

5.9.6. Practice

5.10.1. Diffusion & Effusion7 min

5.10.2. Practice4 min

5.10.3. Practice

5.11.1. Real Gases and the Van der Waals Equation16 min

5.11.2. Real Gases vs Ideal Gases & the Compressibility Factor5 min

5.11.3. Example4 min

5.11.4. Example

5.11.5. Practice

6. Solids

13min

6.1.1. Packing Solids & the Unit Cell6 min

6.1.2. The Unit Cell: Important Equations2 min

6.1.3. Practice: Calculating Packing Density2 min

6.1.4. Practice: Calculating Oxidation State3 min

7. Phase Transitions and Phase Diagrams

1hr

7.1.1. Phase Transitions7 min

7.1.2. Practice

7.2.1. Introduction to the Heat Curve15 min

7.2.2. Important Things to Know About the Heat Curve6 min

7.2.3. Example8 min

7.2.4. Practice

7.2.5. Practice

7.3.1. Phase Diagrams13 min

7.3.2. Extra Low Yield Information for Phase Diagrams4 min

7.3.3. Example4 min

7.3.4. Practice

7.3.5. Example5 min

7.3.6. Practice

8. Solutions and Colligative Properties

32min

8.1.1. Introduction47 sec

8.1.2. Concentrations4 min

8.1.3. Example: Dilution54 sec

8.1.4. Practice: Molarity3 min

8.1.5. Practice: Stoichiometry/Density Conversions2 min

8.2.1. Entropy4 min

8.2.2. Example: Qualitatively Estimating Entropy Changes1 min

8.2.3. Colligative Properties10 min

8.2.4. Example: Freezing Point Depression2 min

8.2.5. Practice: Vapor Pressure 2 min

8.2.6. Practice: Osmotic Pressure 3 min

8.Q. Checkpoint Quiz - Solution Chemistry, Colligative Properties, Entropy7 Qns

8.P.1. Practice: Osmotic Pressure II

8.P.2. Practice: Molality

8.P.3. Practice: Final Volume

8.P.4. Practice: Stoichiometry Problem

8.P.5. Practice: Molarity II

8.P.6. Practice: Molarity III

9. Kinetics

2.4hr

9.1.1. Introduction to Kinetics1 min

9.2.1. Reaction Rates 3 min

9.2.2. Measuring Reaction Rates4 min

9.2.3. Practice: Rate of Reaction6 min

9.2.4. Practice: Rate of Reaction5 min

9.3.1. Rate Laws2 min

9.3.2. Example: Determining Reaction Order44 sec

9.3.3. Determining the Rate Law From Experimental Data 10 min

9.3.4. Shortcut to Find Units of k Quicker 3 min

9.3.5. Practice: Experimental Rate Law 6 min

9.3.6. Practice: Determining Rate Law Exponents

9.3.7. Practice: Rate Law1 min

9.3.8. Practice: Units of the Rate Constant, K5 min

9.4.1. Integrated Rate Laws for Various Orders 7 min

9.4.2. Example: Plotting a Straight Line with the Integrated Rate Laws

9.4.3. Practice: Integrated Rate Laws Practice

9.4.4. Integrated Rate Laws Cheatsheet

9.4.5. First Order Reactions

9.4.6. Second Order Reactions

9.5.1. Half-life for Various Orders 4 min

9.5.2. Practice: Half-Life

9.5.3. Practice: Radioactive Decay in Smoke Detectors1 min

9.6.1. Arrhenius Equation1 min

9.6.2. Example: Arrhenius Equation

9.6.3. Example: Arrhenius Equation1 min

9.6.4. Practice: Arrhenius Equation

9.7.1. How Do We Measure Ea39 sec

9.7.2. Practice: Determining the Activation Energy39 sec

9.8.1. 3 Neccessary Steps For a Reaction to Occur 1 min

9.8.2. Collision Theory7 min

9.8.3. Collision Theory Represented By A Graph2 min

9.8.4. Transition State Theory 4 min

9.8.5. Additional Notes on the Arrhenius Equation 9 min

9.9.1. Reactions Mechanisms – Elementary Reactions4 min

9.9.2. Example: Reactions Mechanisms – Elementary Steps

9.9.3. Rate Determining Step Introduction 5 min

9.9.4. Example: Rate Determining Step14 min

9.9.5. Practice: Rate of A Reaction

9.9.6. Practice: Reaction Coordinate Diagram4 min

9.9.7. Practice: Mechanism

9.10.1. Steady State Approximation

9.10.2. Example: Steady State Approximation 11 min

9.11.1. Pre-Equilibrium4 min

9.11.2. Practice: Pre-Equilibrium

9.12.1. Catalysts3 min

9.12.2. Enzymes4 min

9.12.3. Example: Identifying a Catalyst Vs an Intermediate In a Mechanism 2 min

9.12.4. Example: Catalysts 224 sec

10. Equilibrium

2.3hr

10.1.1. Introduction to Equilibrium 2 min

10.1.2. Understanding Equilibrium3 min

10.2.1. Concentration vs Time Graphs4 min

10.2.2. Practice3 min

10.2.3. Practice6 min

10.3.1. Equilibrium Constant (K)10 min

10.3.2. The Magnitude of the Equilibrium Constant, K8 min

10.3.3. Practice2 min

10.3.4. Practice4 min

10.4.1. Manipulating Equilibrium Constants5 min

10.4.2. Example

10.4.3. Practice7 min

10.5.1. Solving for Kc vs Kp 5 min

10.6.1. Predicting Equilibria: The Reaction Quotient (Q) 6 min

10.6.2. Example4 min

10.6.3. Practice3 min

10.6.4. Practice

10.7.1. Le Chatelier's Priniciple14 min

10.7.2. Practice6 min

10.7.3. Practice

10.8.1. Intro to ICE Tables

10.8.2. Example 19 min

10.8.3. Example 29 min

10.8.4. Example 33 min

10.8.5. Example 49 min

10.8.6. Example 512 min

11. Acids and Bases

2.2hr

11.1.1. Definitions of Acids and Bases 10 min

11.2.1. Identifying Conjugate Acid and Base Pairs 7 min

11.2.2. Practice2 min

11.3.1. pH Scale 7 min

11.3.2. Example2 min

11.3.3. Example6 min

11.3.4. Practice

11.4.1. Acids and their Equations7 min

11.4.2. Practice4 min

11.4.3. Acids With Different Numbers of Protons5 min

11.5.1. Bases and their Equations6 min

11.6.1. Example

11.6.2. Example21 min

11.6.3. Types of Acid or Base Reactions and pH Calculations Summary

11.7.1. Autoionization of Water (Kw) 6 min

11.8.1. Percent Ionization or Dissociation2 min

11.8.2. Example7 min

11.9.1. Acid Base Equations Cheatsheet

11.9.2. Acid/Base Important Relationships Cheatsheet

11.10.1. Relationships Between the Strength of an Acid/Base and its Conjugate Base/Acid5 min

11.10.2. How to Tell the Stronger Acid by Looking at Conjugate Bases14 min

11.10.3. Acidity of Oxyacids4 min

11.11.1. Acidic, Basic, and Neutral Salts 8 min

11.11.2. Salts (Cntd.)3 min

11.11.3. Example1 min

11.11.4. Example5 min

11.11.5. Practice

11.11.6. Salts Cheatsheet

12. Buffers and Titrations

2.8hr

12.1.1. Strong Base + Strong Acid Reactions3 min

12.1.2. Strong Base + Weak Acid Reactions4 min

12.1.3. Weak Base + Strong Acid Reactions3 min

12.1.4. Practice9 min

12.2.1. Introduction to Buffers6 min

12.2.2. Buffers Problem Type 16 min

12.2.3. Example3 min

12.3.1. Buffers Problem Type 22 min

12.3.2. Example6 min

12.4.1. Buffers Problem Type 32 min

12.4.2. Example6 min

12.4.3. Practice

12.5.1. Forming Buffers6 min

12.5.2. Example2 min

12.5.3. Example4 min

12.6.1. Effective Buffer Range5 min

12.6.2. Practice2 min

12.7.1. Example5 min

12.8.1. Introduction to Titrations 5 min

12.8.2. Labeling a Titration Curve9 min

12.8.3. Titration Curves17 min

12.8.4. Practice

12.9.1. Example19 min

12.9.2. Example37 min

12.10.1. Indicators8 min

12.10.2. Practice

13. Solubility

1.4hr

13.1.1. Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions 4 min

13.2.1. Solubility Chart 8 min

13.2.2. Example5 min

13.2.3. Example5 min

13.2.4. Practice

13.3.1. Solubility8 min

13.3.2. Example: Ksp

13.3.3. Practice: Calculating Molar Solubility2 min

13.3.4. Practice: Solubility8 min

13.3.5. Factors that Affect Solubility2 min

13.3.6. Practice: Ranking Solubility2 min

13.3.7. Common-ion Effect Introduction4 min

13.3.8. Common-ion Effect Problem 7 min

13.3.9. common-ion effect

13.3.10. Practice: Molar Solubility

13.4.1. Solubility Chart 5 min

13.4.2. Q vs K to Predict Solubility5 min

13.4.3. Example: Will A Precipitate Form?16 min

13.4.4. Practice: Solubility and Equilibrium3 min

13.Q. Exam Questions & Practise6 Qns

14. Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics

4hr

14.1.1. Thermodynamics4 min

14.2.1. State Variables 3 min

14.2.2. Example: State Variables 2 min

14.2.3. Extensive vs Intensive Properties 2 min

14.3.1. 0th Law of Thermodynamics 3 min

14.4.1. The 1st Law of Thermodynamics7 min

14.4.2. pV work4 min

14.4.3. Example: Work Heat and Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas5 min

14.4.4. Practice: pV Work1 min

14.4.5. Expansion Due to Chemical Reaction8 min

14.4.6. Practice: Work Done During Acid Digestion of Magnesium2 min

14.5.1. Heat, Work, and Internal Energy Continued 6 min

14.5.2. Practice: Summary For Exam!3 min

14.5.3. Enthalpy2 min

14.5.4. Monoatomic and Diatomic Ideal Gases 8 min

14.5.5. Energy Equations for Gases 9 min

14.5.6. deltaH and deltaU6 min

14.5.7. Example: Monoatomic Gas Question4 min

14.5.8. Practice: deltaH and q3 min

14.5.9. Exam Like Practice Problem 17 min

14.5.10. Exam Like Practice Problem #2

14.5.11. Exam Like Practice Problem #310 min

14.5.12. Exam-Like Practice Problem #4

14.6.1. Heat Capacity and Calorimetry13 min

14.6.2. Practice: Coffee Cup Calorimetry10 min

14.6.3. Practice: Bomb Calorimetry Problem Type 1 12 min

14.6.4. Practice: Bomb Calorimetry Problem Type 25 min

14.7.1. Enthalpy of Reaction2 min

14.7.2. Practice: Enthalpy 3 min

14.8.1. Heats of Formation6 min

14.8.2. Practice: Enthalpy of Formation

14.8.3. Example: Heats of formation2 min

14.9.1. Bond Energies4 min

14.9.2. Example: Bond Energies

14.10.1. Hess’ Law5 min

14.10.2. Hess' Law Practice

14.10.3. Practice: Hess' Law1 min

14.11.1. 2nd Law: Definition

14.11.2. Example: Entropy Calculation3 min

14.11.3. Example: Entropy Calculation9 min

14.11.4. Factors Affecting Entropy Changes 10 min

14.11.5. Practice: Calculating Entropy Change of a Reaction

14.12.1. Example: Qualitatively Estimating Entropy Changes1 min

14.12.2. Entropy Calculations1 min

14.12.3. Practice: Entropy Calculations1 min

14.12.4. Practice: Entropy Calculations Type II4 min

14.13.1. 3rd Law of Thermodynamics1 min

14.13.2. Summary of the Laws of Thermodynamics

15. Spontaneity and Gibbs Free Energy

20min

15.1.1. Gibbs Free Energy and Spontaneity (w/chemical potential)2 min

15.1.2. Spontaneity 7 min

15.1.3. Example: Spontaneity of a Reaction

15.1.4. Predicting Spontaneity Based off Entropy2 min

15.2.1. Chemical Equilibrium and ΔG Equations5 min

15.2.2. DeltaGo and K 3 min

15.2.3. Example

15.2.4. Chemical Equilibrium and ΔG Practice

15.2.5. Chemical Equilibrium and ΔG Practice #2

15.2.6. Chemical Equilibrium and ΔG Practice #3

15.2.7. Van't Hoff Practice Problem

16. Electrochemistry

3hr

16.1.1. Oxidation States4 min

16.1.2. Oxidation States - Additional Information

16.1.3. Example: Oxidation State Practice 3 min

16.1.4. Practice: More Oxidation State5 min

16.2.1. Redox Reactions Theory6 min

16.2.2. Practice: Oxidation vs Reduction3 min

16.2.3. Practice: Oxidizing Agent vs Reducing Agent49 sec

16.3.1. Balancing Redox Reactions13 min

16.3.2. Practice: Balance the Redox Reaction

16.4.1. Reduction Potentials 10 min

16.4.2. How Potentials Relate to Spontaneity 7 min

16.4.3. Example: Electrochemical Cell Practice 4 min

16.4.4. Practice: Strongest Reducing Agent3 min

16.5.1. Galvanic/Voltaic Cells13 min

16.5.2. Practice: Galvanic Cells44 sec

16.5.3. Practice: Galvanic Cells 5 min

16.5.4. Example: Will A Reaction Occur? 10 min

16.5.5. Example: Electrochemistry2 min

16.5.6. Practice: Electrochemistry2 min

16.6.1. Cell Diagram 2 min

16.6.2. Practice: Cell Diagram For An Electrochemical Cell

16.6.3. Practice: Electrochemical Cells6 min

16.7.1. Cell Potential Equations 2 min

16.7.2. Example: Solving for Keq and deltaGo 5 min

16.7.3. Practice: Electrochemistry II3 min

16.7.4. Electrochemical Cells in Non-standard Conditions: Nernst Equation1 min

16.7.5. Example: Electrochemical Cell Practice with Equations11 min

16.7.6. Practice: Electrochemistry Equations

16.8.1. Types of Batteries 8 min

16.8.2. Rechargeable Batteries 13 min

16.8.3. Corrosion and Prevention11 min

16.8.4. Concentration Cells 15 min

16.9.1. Electrolytic Cells7 min

16.9.2. Faraday's Law of Electrolysis 5 min

16.9.3. Summary of Galvanic Vs Electrolytic Cell

16.9.4. G, E, and K Summary

Mock Exams

ME.1. Term Test 1 - Mock Assessment44 Qns

ME.2. Term Test 2 - Mock Assessment28 Qns

ME.3. Final Exam - Mock Assessment24 Qns

ME.4. Final Exam - Mock Assessment60 Qns

CHM135H1 Grade Boosters

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