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Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
- Gases mix in a homogeneous manner due to their low particle density.
- If we assume ideal behavior, then the gas particles are not interacting with each other.
- The partial pressure of a gas is the pressure that the gas would exert if it were the only gas present in the mixture
- This means that each gas in the mixture will have its own contribution total pressure of the system
- This is known as Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
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Example: Gas Mixtures
If a gas sample is 1/3 oxygen and 2/3 argon with a total pressure of 120 kPa, what is the pressure of each gas?
Practice: Gas Laws Definitions
Match the following terms and definitions.
A.
The volume of a fixed amount of gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature.
B.
Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal amounts of gas.
C.
The pressure of a fixed amount of gas varies directly with the kelvin temperature at constant volume
D.
The relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature is expressed by this law.
E.
At constant temperature and pressure, the volumes of gaseous reactants and products can be expressed as ratios of small whole numbers.
F.
The volume of a fixed amount of gas varies directly with the temperature at constant pressure
G.
The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.
Dalton's Law
Charles' Law
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Boyle’s Law
Combined Gas Law
Law of Combining Volumes
Avogadro's Law
Practice: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
Gas samples A, B and C are contained in a system at STP. The partial pressure of sample A is 40.8kPa and the partial pressure of sample B is 25.3kPa. What is the partial pressure of sample C?
Practice: Gas Mixtures
Hydrogen and helium were mixed together in a 5L vessel at 243K to create a total pressure of 942kPa. If there are two moles of hydrogen in the mixture, what is the partial pressure of helium? Give your answer in kPa rounded to the nearest whole integer; do not include units