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Oxidation to make Aldehydes
Aldehydes can be synthesized from primary alcohols using PCC (pyridinium chlorochromate). This reaction is called an oxidation and makes more bonds to an oxygen and less bonds to hydrogens.

Watch Out!
Other common oxidizing agents are agressive and will over oxidize the primary alcohol to the carboxylic acid!
Wize Tip
Remember that "PCC pauses" at the aldehyde.

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Oxidation to make Ketones
Ketones can be synthesized from secondary alcohols using PCC (pyridinium chlorochromate) and other oxidizing agents such as Jones' reagent and KMnO4.


Watch Out!
Ketones, unlike aldehydes, are not subject to overoxidation!

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Oxidation of Aldehydes
Carboxylic acids can be synthesized from aldehydes using a strong oxidizing agent like Jones' Reagent of Tollen's reagent.

Wize Tip
We will see the Tollen's reagent when we discuss carbohydrate chemistry and reducing sugars.

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Example: Oxidation Reactions
Predict the product(s) of the following oxidation reactions.

