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Tchebysheff’s Theorem (Chebyshev's Theorem)


Given a number t>1t > 1 and a population with n measurements, then at least 11t2\boxed{\large1-\frac{1}{t^2}} of the measures will lie within t\bcfi t standard deviations of their mean.

Example
If the interval is (μ2σ,μ+2σ)(\mu-2\sigma,\mu+2\sigma), then t=2: t=2:

11t2=11(2)2=114=34\displaystyle{1-\frac{1}{t^2}=1-\frac{1}{(2)^2}=1-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}}

  • At least 3/4 or 75% of the measurements lie in the (μ2σ,μ+2σ)(\mu-2\sigma,\mu+2\sigma) interval.
  • Notice that the Empirical Rule states that 95% of the measurements lie within the (μ2σ,μ+2σ)(\mu-2\sigma,\mu+2\sigma) interval.
  • Tchebysheff’s Theorem is therefore much more conservative, and it applies to any shape of relative frequency histogram. This includes data that is skewed or not normally distributed.


You are given that:
11t2=0.65\bm 1\bm-\frac{\bm 1}{\bf t^2}\bm =\bm0.\bm6\bm5

Fill in the blanks:

“At least
% of observations fall within t=t=
standard deviations of the mean.”