AP Chemistry Exam Prep Course

AP Exam Prep

Course Overview

Lessons & Practice

I. Welcome

1. Atomic Structure & Properties

4hr

1.1.1. Moles9 min

1.1.2. Example8 min

1.1.3. Practice5 min

1.1.4. Practice

1.2.1. Isotopes and Atomic Mass5 min

1.2.2. Example2 min

1.2.3. Practice6 min

1.2.4. Practice9 min

1.2.5. Isotopes and the Mass Spectrometer

1.3.1. Empirical Vs Molecular Formulas1 min

1.3.3. Example #17 min

1.3.4. Example #25 min

1.3.5. Practice

1.3.6. Practice

1.4.1. Mass Percentage2 min

1.4.3. Practice

1.5.1. Practice

1.5.2. Practice2 min

1.6.1. The Atom and its Subatomic Particles4 min

1.6.2. Example4 min

1.6.3. Practice2 min

1.7.1. Relative Energies of Atomic Orbitals11 min

1.7.2. Rules for Orbital Filling10 min

1.7.3. Example2 min

1.7.4. Example1 min

1.7.5. Practice2 min

1.7.6. Practice

1.8.1. Electronic Configurations of Atoms11 min

1.8.2. Electron Configurastions Cheatsheet

1.8.3. Example3 min

1.8.4. Practice

1.8.5. Practice

1.9.1. Photoelectron Spectroscopy5 min

1.9.2. Photoelectron Spectroscopy2 min

1.10.1. Effective Nuclear Charge 9 min

1.10.2. Example1 min

1.10.3. Practice2 min

1.11.1. Atomic Radius7 min

1.11.2. Ionic Radius7 min

1.11.3. Example2 min

1.11.4. Example3 min

1.11.5. Practice1 min

1.12.1. Ionization Energy 5 min

1.12.2. Comparing 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Ionization Energies9 min

1.12.3. Practice2 min

1.12.4. Practice2 min

1.12.5. Practice5 min

1.13.1. Electron Affinity 10 min

1.13.2. Example2 min

1.13.3. Practice2 min

1.13.4. Practice4 min

1.14.1. Electronegativity 4 min

1.14.2. Example47 sec

1.14.3. Practice3 min

1.15.1. Periodic Trends Theory2 min

1.15.2. Example5 min

1.15.3. Practice4 min

1.15.4. Practice7 min

1.15.5. Practice2 min

1.16.1. The Periodic Table of Elements9 min

1.16.2. Practice2 min

2. Molecular and Ionic Compound Structure & Properties

4hr

2.1.1. Introduction to Intramolecular Bonds4 min

2.1.2. Types of Intramolecular Bonds14 min

2.1.3. Example2 min

2.1.4. Example6 min

2.1.5. Practice2 min

2.1.6. Practice

2.2.1. Properties of Covalent Bonds11 min

2.2.3. Practice4 min

2.3.1. Lattice Energy (Property of Ionic Bonds)6 min

2.3.2. Example7 min

2.3.3. Example3 min

2.3.4. Practice

2.3.5. Practice

2.4.1. Drawing Lewis Structures 17 min

2.4.2. Example11 min

2.4.3. Example7 min

2.4.4. Practice

2.4.5. Practice7 min

2.5.1. Resonance Structures Theory7 min

2.5.2. Equivalent Vs Non-Equivalent Resonance Structures5 min

2.5.3. Example7 min

2.5.4. Example13 min

2.5.5. Practice

2.5.6. Practice

2.6.1. VSEPR Theory20 min

2.6.2. Example10 min

2.6.3. Example6 min

2.6.4. Practice

2.6.5. Practice

2.6.6. VSEPR and Molecular Shapes Cheatsheet

2.7.1. Review of Polar Covalent Bonds

2.7.2. Molecular Polarity 8 min

2.7.3. Example8 min

2.7.4. Practice

2.7.5. Practice3 min

2.8.1. Determining Hybridization7 min

2.8.2. Example8 min

2.8.3. Example4 min

2.8.4. Example: Determine the Hybridization on Carbon2 min

2.8.5. Practice

2.9.1. Sigma and Pi Bonds2 min

2.9.2. Sigma and Pi Bonds 3 min

2.9.3. Practice

2.10.1. Example: Drawing Orbital Overlap Diagrams7 min

2.10.2. Example: Valence Bond Description of Acetone6 min

3. Intermolecular Forces and Properties

4hr

3.1.1. Intramolecular vs Intermolecular Forces5 min

3.1.2. Intermolecular Forces Theory15 min

3.1.5. Practice9 min

3.2.1. Types of Intermolecular Forces (more detailed version)9 min

3.2.2. Strength of Intermolecular Forces Cheatsheet

3.2.3. Example4 min

3.2.4. Example4 min

3.2.5. Practice

3.2.6. Practice

3.3.1. Intermolecular Forces and Boiling Point11 min

3.3.2. Other Physical Properties and Intermolecular Forces6 min

3.3.3. Example9 min

3.3.4. Example4 min

3.3.5. Practice

3.3.6. Practice

3.4.1. Types of Solids7 min

3.4.2. Types of Solids and Their Properties

3.4.3. Example20 sec

3.4.4. Example41 sec

3.4.5. Practice

3.5.1. Solids, Liquids, and Gases3 min

3.6.1. The Ideal Gas Law5 min

3.6.2. Example2 min

3.6.3. Example7 min

3.6.4. Practice8 min

3.7.1. Gas Laws11 min

3.7.2. Example5 min

3.7.3. Practice3 min

3.7.4. Practice

3.8.1. Gas Mixtures & Partial Pressures6 min

3.8.2. Example2 min

3.8.3. Practice4 min

3.8.4. Practice

3.9.1. Kinetic Molecular Theory 7 min

3.10.1. Relationships Between Kinetic Energy, Temperature, and Speeds!9 min

3.10.2. Example5 min

3.10.3. Practice1 min

3.10.4. Practice

3.11.1. Real Gases and the Van der Waals Equation16 min

3.11.2. Real Gases vs Ideal Gases & the Compressibility Factor5 min

3.11.3. Practice

3.12.1. Classifying Matter9 min

3.12.2. Practice3 min

3.13.1. Electromagnetic Spectrum2 min

3.13.2. Spectroscopy & Transitions2 min

3.14.1. Photon Equations5 min

3.14.2. Photon Equations (Cntd.)9 min

3.14.3. Example4 min

3.14.4. Example3 min

3.14.5. Practice1 min

3.14.6. Practice4 min

3.15.1. The Photoelectric Effect8 min

3.16.1. UV-Vis, Fluorescence, and Phosphorescence

3.16.2. UV-Vis, Fluorescence, and Phosphorescence

4. Chemical Reactions

3hr

4.I. Chapter Intro3 min

4.1.1. Chemical vs Physical Changes2 min

4.1.2. Practice

4.2.1. Balancing Reactions3 min

4.2.2. Reaction Stoichiometry8 min

4.2.3. Example3 min

4.2.4. Polyatomic Ions 1 min

4.2.5. Example1 min

4.2.6. Practice4 min

4.3.1. Intro to Stoichiometry4 min

4.3.2. Stoichiometry: Putting it All Together6 min

4.3.3. Example5 min

4.3.4. Example6 min

4.3.5. Practice6 min

4.3.6. Practice7 min

4.4.1. Introduction to Limiting Reagents5 min

4.4.2. Example5 min

4.4.3. Example3 min

4.4.4. Example7 min

4.4.5. Practice3 min

4.5.1. Percent Yield 5 min

4.5.2. Example7 min

4.5.3. Practice5 min

4.5.4. Practice

4.6.1. Titration Problem Introduction4 min

4.6.2. Example7 min

4.7.1. Combustion Reactions3 min

4.7.2. Classifying Reactions4 min

4.8.1. Definitions of Acids and Bases 3 min

4.8.2. Acids 2 min

4.8.3. Bases2 min

4.8.4. Neutralization Reactions

4.9.1. Identifying Conjugate Acid and Base Pairs 7 min

4.9.2. Practice2 min

4.10.1. Oxidation States7 min

4.10.2. Oxidation States - Additional Information5 min

4.10.3. Example3 min

4.10.4. Practice

4.10.5. Practice

4.11.1. Redox Reactions Theory8 min

4.11.2. Practice3 min

4.12.1. Balancing Redox Reactions-Half Reaction Method 18 min

4.12.2. Practice

4.13.1. Solubility Chart 8 min

4.13.2. Example5 min

4.14.1. Three Ways to Write Out Chemical Reactions11 min

5. Kinetics

2.1hr

5.I. Chapter Intro3 min

5.1.1. 3 Neccessary Steps For a Reaction to Occur 1 min

5.1.2. Factors that Affect the Rate of a Reaction3 min

5.1.3. Practice: Identifying Factors That Affect The Rate of A Reaction5 min

5.2.1. Reaction Rates 3 min

5.2.2. Measuring Reaction Rates4 min

5.2.3. Practice: Rate of Reaction6 min

5.2.4. Practice: Rate of Reaction5 min

5.3.1. Rate Laws2 min

5.3.2. Determining the Rate Law From Experimental Data 10 min

5.3.3. Shortcut to Find Units of k Quicker 3 min

5.3.4. Practice: Experimental Rate Law 6 min

5.3.5. Practice: Determining Rate Law Exponents

5.3.6. Practice: Rate Law1 min

5.3.7. Practice: Units of the Rate Constant, K5 min

5.4.1. Integrated Rate Laws for Various Orders 7 min

5.4.2. Example: Plotting a Straight Line with the Integrated Rate Laws

5.4.3. Practice: Integrated Rate Laws Practice

5.4.4. Integrated Rate Laws Cheatsheet

5.4.5. First Order Reactions

5.4.6. Second Order Reactions

5.5.1. Half-life for Various Orders 4 min

5.5.2. Practice: Half-Life

5.5.3. Practice: Radioactive Decay in Smoke Detectors1 min

5.6.1. Reactions Mechanisms – Elementary Reactions4 min

5.6.2. Example: Reactions Mechanisms – Elementary Steps

5.6.3. Rate Determining Step Introduction 5 min

5.6.4. Example: Rate Determining Step14 min

5.6.5. Practice: Rate of A Reaction

5.6.6. Practice: Reaction Coordinate Diagram4 min

5.6.7. Example: Identifying a Catalyst Vs an Intermediate In a Mechanism 2 min

5.6.8. Practice: Mechanism

5.7.1. Collision Theory7 min

5.7.2. Collision Theory Represented By A Graph2 min

5.7.3. Catalysts3 min

5.7.4. Transition State Theory 4 min

5.7.5. Practice: Activation Energy of the Forward Reaction27 sec

5.7.6. Practice: Activation Energy of the Reverse Direction26 sec

5.7.7. Practice: Endothermic vs Exothermic Reactions2 min

5.8.1. Catalysts3 min

5.8.2. Enzymes4 min

5.8.3. Example: Identifying a Catalyst Vs an Intermediate In a Mechanism 2 min

5.8.4. Example: Catalysts 224 sec

6. Thermodynamics

2.6hr

6.1.1. 0th Law of Thermodynamics 3 min

6.2.1. Thermodynamics4 min

6.2.2. 1st Law of Thermodynamics5 min

6.2.3. Endothermic Vs Exothermic Reactions3 min

6.2.4. Signs of Heat and Work & Calculating Work4 min

6.2.5. Example5 min

6.2.6. Practice1 min

6.2.7. Practice3 min

6.3.1. Heat Capacity and Calorimetry9 min

6.3.2. Concept Check: Specific Heat Capacity6 min

6.3.3. Example: Calorimetry Calculation2 min

6.3.4. Practice: Calorimetry Calculation6 min

6.3.5. Practice: Calorimetry Calculation8 min

6.3.6. Example: Thermal Equilibrium Calorimetry6 min

6.4.1. Enthalpy of Reaction2 min

6.4.2. Example4 min

6.4.3. Enthalpy Changes in Physical, Chemical, and Nuclear Changes3 min

6.4.4. Solution Properties3 min

6.5.1. Introduction to the Heat Curve15 min

6.5.2. Important Things to Know About the Heat Curve6 min

6.5.3. Example8 min

6.5.4. Practice

6.5.5. Practice

6.5.6. Example: Molar Enthalpy Calculation4 min

6.5.7. Practice: Molar Enthalpy Calculation4 min

6.6.1. Hess’ Law5 min

6.6.2. Hess’ Law Notes

6.6.3. Practice: Hess' Law5 min

6.6.4. Extra Practice: Hess' Law (Optional)

6.6.5. Heats of Formation6 min

6.6.6. Enthalpy of Formation Practice 3 min

6.6.7. Example: Heats of formation2 min

6.6.8. Practice: Enthalpy of Reactions4 min

6.6.9. Enthalpy Practice 3 min

6.6.10. Practice: Multi-Step Enthalpy Problem9 min

6.7.1. Bond Energies4 min

6.7.3. Practice

7. Equilibrium

4hr

7.I. Chapter Intro3 min

7.1.1. Introduction to Equilibrium 2 min

7.1.2. Understanding Equilibrium3 min

7.2.1. Concentration vs Time Graphs4 min

7.2.2. Practice3 min

7.2.3. Practice6 min

7.3.1. Equilibrium Constant (K)10 min

7.3.2. The Magnitude of the Equilibrium Constant, K8 min

7.3.3. Practice2 min

7.3.4. Practice4 min

7.4.1. Manipulating Equilibrium Constants5 min

7.4.2. Practice7 min

7.5.1. Predicting Equilibria: The Reaction Quotient (Q) 6 min

7.5.2. Example4 min

7.5.3. Practice3 min

7.5.4. Practice

7.6.1. Le Chatelier's Priniciple14 min

7.6.2. Practice6 min

7.6.3. Practice

7.7.1. Changes to Concentration Time Graphs Based on Changes To The System11 min

7.7.2. Le Châtelier's Principle - Change in Concentration2 min

7.7.3. Le Châtelier's Principle - Change in Volume/Pressure3 min

7.7.4. Le Châtelier's Principle - Change in Temperature3 min

7.7.5. Le Châtelier's Principle - Other2 min

7.8.1. Intro to ICE Tables

7.8.2. Example 19 min

7.8.3. Example 29 min

7.8.4. Example 33 min

7.8.5. Example 49 min

7.8.6. Example 512 min

7.9.1. Solubility8 min

7.9.2. Example: Ksp

7.9.3. Practice: Calculating Molar Solubility2 min

7.9.4. Practice: Solubility8 min

7.10.1. Solubility Chart 8 min

7.10.2. Q vs K to Predict Solubility5 min

7.10.3. Solubility Products3 min

7.10.4. Example5 min

7.10.5. Example5 min

7.10.6. Example: Will A Precipitate Form?16 min

7.10.7. Practice: Solubility and Equilibrium3 min

7.10.8. Practice

7.11.1. Factors that Affect Solubility2 min

7.11.2. Common-ion Effect Introduction4 min

7.11.3. Common-ion Effect Problem 7 min

7.11.4. common-ion effect

7.11.5. Practice: Molar Solubility

7.11.6. Practice: Ranking Solubility2 min

8. Acids and Bases

5hr

8.I. Chapter Intro4 min

8.1.1. Definitions of Acids and Bases 10 min

8.2.1. pH Scale 7 min

8.2.2. Example2 min

8.2.3. Example6 min

8.2.4. Practice

8.3.1. Acids and their Equations7 min

8.3.2. Practice4 min

8.3.3. Acids With Different Numbers of Protons5 min

8.4.1. Bases and their Equations6 min

8.5.1. Autoionization of Water (Kw) 6 min

8.5.2. Practice

8.5.3. Example2 min

8.5.4. Example6 min

8.5.5. pH Scale 7 min

8.6.1. Percent Ionization or Dissociation2 min

8.6.2. Example7 min

8.7.2. Example21 min

8.7.3. Types of Acid or Base Reactions and pH Calculations Summary

8.8.1. Acid Base Equations Cheatsheet

8.8.2. Acid/Base Important Relationships Cheatsheet

8.9.1. Strong Base + Strong Acid Reactions3 min

8.9.2. Strong Base + Weak Acid Reactions4 min

8.9.3. Weak Base + Strong Acid Reactions3 min

8.9.4. Practice9 min

8.10.1. Acidic, Basic, and Neutral Salts 8 min

8.10.2. Salts (Cntd.)3 min

8.10.3. Example1 min

8.10.4. Example5 min

8.10.5. Practice

8.10.6. Salts Cheatsheet

8.11.1. Relationships Between the Strength of an Acid/Base and its Conjugate Base/Acid5 min

8.11.2. How to Determine the Stronger Acid by Looking at Conjugate Bases14 min

8.11.3. Acidity of Oxyacids4 min

8.12.1. Introduction to Buffers6 min

8.12.2. Buffers Problem Type 16 min

8.12.3. Example3 min

8.13.1. Buffers Problem Type 22 min

8.13.2. Example6 min

8.14.1. Buffers Problem Type 32 min

8.14.2. Example6 min

8.14.3. Practice

8.15.1. Forming Buffers6 min

8.15.2. Example2 min

8.15.3. Example4 min

8.16.1. Example5 min

8.17.1. Introduction to Titrations 5 min

8.17.2. Labeling a Titration Curve9 min

8.17.3. Titration Curves17 min

8.17.4. Practice

8.18.1. Example (Challenging)19 min

8.18.2. Example (Challenging)37 min

8.19.1. Indicators8 min

8.19.2. Practice

9. Applications of Thermodynamics

2.8hr

9.1.1. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics (Entropy)6 min

9.1.2. Factors Affecting Entropy Changes 10 min

9.1.3. Example1 min

9.1.4. Practice1 min

9.1.5. Practice4 min

9.2.1. Gibbs Free Energy and Spontaneity2 min

9.2.2. Spontaneity 7 min

9.2.3. Example: Spontaneity of a Reaction

9.2.4. Predicting Spontaneity Based off Entropy2 min

9.3.1. Chemical Equilibrium and ΔG Equations5 min

9.3.2. DeltaGo and K 3 min

9.3.4. Chemical Equilibrium and ΔG Practice

9.3.5. Chemical Equilibrium and ΔG Practice #2

9.3.6. Chemical Equilibrium and ΔG Practice #3

9.4.1. Coupled Reactions9 min

9.5.1. Electrochemistry Intro3 min

9.6.1. Oxidation States - Additional Information5 min

9.6.2. Practice

9.6.3. Practice

9.6.4. Oxidation States7 min

9.6.5. Example3 min

9.7.1. Redox Reactions Theory8 min

9.7.2. Practice49 sec

9.7.3. Practice3 min

9.7.4. Practice

9.8.1. Reduction Potentials 10 min

9.8.2. How Potentials Relate to Spontaneity 7 min

9.8.3. Example: Electrochemical Cell Practice 4 min

9.8.4. Practice: Strongest Reducing Agent3 min

9.9.1. Galvanic/Voltaic Cells13 min

9.9.2. Practice: Galvanic Cells44 sec

9.9.3. Practice: Galvanic Cells 5 min

9.9.4. Example: Will A Reaction Occur? 10 min

9.9.5. Example: Electrochemistry2 min

9.9.6. Practice: Electrochemistry2 min

9.10.1. Cell Diagram 2 min

9.10.2. Practice: Cell Diagram For An Electrochemical Cell

9.10.3. Practice: Electrochemical Cells6 min

9.11.1. Cell Potential Equations 2 min

9.11.2. Example: Solving for Keq and deltaGo 5 min

9.11.3. Practice: Electrochemistry II3 min

9.11.4. Electrochemical Cells in Non-standard Conditions: Nernst Equation1 min

9.12.1. Electrolytic Cells7 min

9.12.2. Faraday's Law of Electrolysis 5 min

9.12.3. Summary of Galvanic Vs Electrolytic Cell

9.12.4. G, E, and K Summary

I Welcome

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