BIOL 1105

VT

Course Overview

Lessons & Practice

I. Welcome

1. An Introduction to Biology/ The Scientific Method

5min

1.1.1. Introduction to Biology

1.1.2. Example: Are viruses living organisms? Example

1.2.1. The Scientific Method5 min

1.2.4. Practice

1.2.5. Practice

2. The Chemistry of Life

46min

2.1.1. Types of Chemical Bonds 5 min

2.1.2. Practice 1

2.1.3. Practice 2

2.2.1. Intermolecular Forces: Hydrogen Bonding5 min

2.2.2. Example 2 min

2.2.3. Practice 12 min

2.2.4. Practice 22 min

2.2.5. Practice 33 min

2.3.1. Intermolecular Forces: Van der Waals Interactions 11 min

2.3.2. Practice 13 min

2.3.3. Practice 2

2.4.1. Important Elements that Make Up Life4 min

2.4.2. Unique Properties of Water6 min

2.4.3. Practice 12 min

2.4.4. Practice 22 min

3. Biological Macromolecules

1.3hr

4. The Structure of Cells

1.4hr

4.1.1. Prokaryotic Cells5 min

4.1.2. Practice 1

4.1.3. Bacteria and Archaea Cell Wall Composition4 min

4.1.4. Practice 2

4.1.5. Practice 3

4.2.1. Eukaryotic Cells [Introduction for detailed courses]2 min

4.2.2. Ribosomes and Peroxisomes3 min

4.2.3. Peroxisomes3 min

4.2.4. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts6 min

4.2.5. Plant versus Animal Cells3 min

4.2.6. Practice 1

4.2.7. Practice 2

4.2.8. Practice 3

4.2.9. Practice 4

4.3.1. Endosymbiont Theory5 min

4.3.2. Example 1

4.3.3. Practice 1

4.3.4. Practice 2

4.3.5. Practice 3

4.4.1. The Endomembrane System2 min

4.4.2. The Nucleus5 min

4.4.3. The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)4 min

4.4.4. The Golgi Apparatus3 min

4.4.5. Lysosomes, Vacuoles and Vesicles

4.4.6. Example 1

4.4.7. Practice 1

4.4.8. Practice 2

4.4.9. Practice 3

4.5.1. Cytoskeleton Overview [short lesson]5 min

4.5.2. Microtubules6 min

4.5.3. Actin Microfilaments4 min

4.5.4. Intermediate Filaments3 min

4.5.5. Practice 1

4.5.6. Practice 2

4.5.7. Illustrations of the Cytoskeleton4 min

4.6.1. Motor Proteins5 min

4.6.2. Flagella and Cilia3 min

4.6.3. Practice 1

4.6.4. Practice 2

4.7.1. Extracellular Matrix2 min

4.7.2. Junctions and Adhesions5 min

4.7.3. Practice 1

4.7.4. Practice 2

4.7.5. Practice 3

7. Energetics of Living Systems

2.1hr

7.1.1. Overview of Metabolism4 min

7.1.2. Nutrients Required by Cells4 min

7.1.3. Practice 11 min

7.1.4. Practice 22 min

7.1.5. Practice 32 min

7.2.1. Redox (Reduction-Oxidation) Reactions7 min

7.2.2. Practice 13 min

7.2.3. Practice 23 min

7.3.1. The Laws of Thermodynamics8 min

7.3.2. Example 2 min

7.3.3. Practice2 min

7.4.1. Potential and Kinetic Energies3 min

7.4.2. Practice 11 min

7.4.3. Energy in Reactions7 min

7.4.4. Example 15 min

7.4.5. Activation Energy3 min

7.4.6. Gibbs Free Energy8 min

7.4.7. Practice 22 min

7.5.1. Coupled Reactions6 min

7.5.2. Example 1 min

7.5.3. Practice 1

7.5.4. Practice 22 min

7.6.1. ATP and the Proton Motive Force (PMF)6 min

7.6.2. Example1 min

7.6.3. Practice 2 min

7.7.1. Enzymes6 min

7.7.2. Enzyme Activity4 min

7.7.3. Example1 min

7.7.4. Practice 1 min

7.8.1. Enzyme Regulation10 min

7.8.2. Feedback Inhibition3 min

7.8.3. Example 13 min

7.8.4. Example 26 min

7.8.5. Practice 12 min

8. Energy from Organic Molecules

42min

8.1.1. Overview of Cellular Respiration4 min

8.2.1. Steps of Glycolysis: Intro and Stage I [Detailed]7 min

8.2.2. Steps of Glycolysis: Stages II and III [Detailed]9 min

8.2.3. Practice 1

8.2.4. Practice 2

8.2.5. Practice 3

8.2.6. Practice 4

8.3.1. Energy of Glucose Metabolism7 min

8.3.2. Practice 1

8.4.1. Pyruvate Processing4 min

8.4.2. Practice 1

8.5.1. The Citric Acid Cycle - Substrates and Enzymes [detailed]10 min

8.5.2. Practice 1

8.5.3. Practice 2

8.5.4. Practice 3

8.6.1. Utilization of TCA Intermediates2 min

9. Energy from Organic Molecules II

11min

9.1.1. The Electron Transport Chain8 min

9.1.3. Practice 1

9.1.4. Practice 2

9.1.5. Practice 3

9.1.6. Practice 4

9.2.1. Fermentation3 min

9.2.2. Practice 1

9.2.3. Practice 2

9.2.4. Practice 3

10. Photosynthesis: Energy from the Sun

53min

10.1.1. Plant Structures for Photosynthesis4 min

10.1.2. Practice 1

10.1.3. Practice 2

10.2.1. Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis [detailed]10 min

10.2.2. Non-Cyclic and Cyclic Versions of Light-Dependent Reactions3 min

10.2.3. Practice 11 min

10.2.4. Practice 22 min

10.3.1. Calvin Cycle [Carbon Fixation]8 min

10.3.2. Example3 min

10.3.3. Practice 12 min

10.3.4. Practice 23 min

10.4.1. Photorespiration5 min

10.4.2. Practice 13 min

10.5.1. C4 Plants2 min

10.5.2. Practice 1

10.6.1. CAM Plants4 min

10.6.2. Practice 12 min

11. DNA is Genetic Information

23min

11.1.1. Review of DNA Structure10 min

11.1.2. Practice 12 min

11.1.3. Practice 2

11.2.1. Meselson-Stahl Experiment9 min

11.2.2. Practice 12 min

12. DNA Replication

1hr

12.1.1. DNA Replication in Cells14 min

12.1.2. Example: Leading and Lagging Strands2 min

12.1.3. Practice 12 min

12.1.4. Practice 23 min

12.1.5. Example: Complete the Replication Bubble4 min

12.2.1. Telomerase4 min

12.2.2. Practice 11 min

12.2.3. Practice 22 min

12.3.1. Repair of Mutations During Replication [Exonuclease Activity and Mismatch Repair]10 min

12.3.2. Repair of Mutations by Mutagens [Nucleotide Excision Repair]3 min

12.3.3. Practice 12 min

12.4.1. Repair of DNA Double Stranded Breaks [detailed]9 min

12.4.2. Practice 12 min

13. Gene Expression

1.8hr

13.1.1. The Central Dogma of Biology4 min

13.1.2. Practice 1

13.1.3. Practice 22 min

13.1.4. Practice 32 min

13.2.1. Genes and mRNA8 min

13.2.2. General Structure of mRNA4 min

13.2.3. The Genetic Code8 min

13.2.4. Reading Frame3 min

13.2.5. Practice 13 min

13.2.6. Practice 22 min

13.2.7. Practice 32 min

13.2.8. Practice 43 min

13.2.9. Summary of Genes and mRNA

13.3.1. Initiation8 min

13.3.2. Elongation7 min

13.3.3. Termination4 min

13.3.4. Practice 14 min

13.3.5. Practice 22 min

13.3.6. Practice 3

13.4.1. Transcription In Eukaryotes9 min

13.4.2. Practice 1

13.5.1. RNA Maturation in Eukaryotes8 min

13.5.2. Example 3 min

13.5.3. Practice 11 min

13.5.4. Practice 23 min

13.6.1. Translation into Proteins9 min

13.6.2. Differences in Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Translation3 min

13.6.3. Example 15 min

13.6.4. Example 2

13.6.5. Transcription vs. Translation Chart

13.6.6. Practice 1

13.6.7. Practice 2

14. Control of Gene Expression

1hr

14.1.1. Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression4 min

14.1.2. Prokaryotic Levels of Regulation6 min

14.1.3. Prokaryotic Regulatory Proteins5 min

14.1.4. Types of Transcriptional Regulation5 min

14.1.5. Practice 1

14.1.6. Practice 2

14.1.7. Practice 3

14.2.1. The Lac Operon [detailed]5 min

14.2.2. The Lac Operon & Glucose Regulation [detailed]5 min

14.2.3. Lac Operon Summary

14.2.4. Example 1

14.2.5. Example 2

14.2.6. Practice 1

14.3.1. The Tryptophan (Trp) Operon5 min

14.3.2. Trp Operon Attenuation8 min

14.3.3. The Trp Operon Summary

14.3.4. Example 1

14.3.5. Example 2

14.3.6. Practice 1

14.3.7. Practice 2

14.4.1. Transcription Factors, Enhancers and Repressors3 min

14.4.2. Practice 1

14.4.3. Practice 2

14.5.1. Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation6 min

14.5.2. Practice 1

14.5.3. Practice 2

14.6.1. Translational and Post-translational Regulation2 min

14.6.2. Practice

14.7.1. Epigenetic Gene Regulation5 min

14.7.2. X-Chromosome Inactivation4 min

14.7.3. Practice 1

14.7.4. Practice 2

15. Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis

1.2hr

15.1.1. Binary Fission: Prokaryotic Cytokinesis3 min

15.1.2. Practice 1

15.2.1. The Gene and the Genome10 min

15.2.2. Practice 11 min

15.3.1. Cell cycle Control7 min

15.3.2. Putting the Breaks on the Cell Cycle4 min

15.3.3. Example1 min

15.3.4. Practice 139 sec

15.3.5. Practice 22 min

15.4.1. Phases of the Cell Cycle5 min

15.4.2. Practice 12 min

15.5.1. Mitosis and Cytokinesis7 min

15.5.2. Cytokinesis2 min

15.5.3. Practice 13 min

15.5.4. Practice 23 min

15.5.5. Practice 3

15.5.6. Practice 4

15.6.1. Meiosis I10 min

15.6.2. Chromosomal Crossover3 min

15.6.3. Meiosis Nomenclature3 min

15.6.4. Practice 1

15.6.5. Practice 2

15.6.6. Practice 3

15.7.1. Meiosis II5 min

15.7.2. Practice 1

15.7.3. Practice 2

15.7.4. Practice 3

15.7.5. Practice 4

16. Inheritance of Genetic Information I

1.4hr

16.1.1. History of Mendelian Genetics4 min

16.1.2. Basics of Probability for Genetics5 min

16.1.3. Example 12 min

16.1.4. Example 22 min

16.1.5. Practice 1

16.2.1. Alleles3 min

16.2.2. Genotype and Phenotype5 min

16.3.1. Incomplete Dominance and Co-Dominance3 min

16.3.2. Example4 min

16.3.3. Practice 1

16.4.1. Mendel's Law of Segregation10 min

16.4.2. Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment6 min

16.4.3. Punnett Square Rules4 min

16.4.4. Example 15 min

16.4.5. Example 29 min

16.4.6. Practice 1

16.4.7. Practice 2

16.4.8. Practice 3

16.4.9. Practice 4

16.4.10. Cheatsheet: Inheritance Terminology

16.5.1. Probability Method4 min

16.5.2. Practice 2

16.6.1. Pedigree Analysis9 min

16.7.1. Blood Types2 min

16.7.2. Practice 1

16.7.3. Pleiotropy, Epistasis and Polygenic Inheritance5 min

16.7.4. Practice 2

16.7.5. Practice 3

17. Inheritance of Genetic Information II

41min

17.1.1. Inheritance of Autosomal Traits9 min

17.1.2. Example 1

17.1.3. Example 2

17.2.1. Inheritance of X-linked Traits

17.2.2. Example 13 min

17.2.3. Example 2

17.2.4. Example 3

17.3.1. Practice 1

17.3.2. Practice 2

17.3.3. Practice 3

17.3.4. Practice 4

17.3.5. Practice 5

17.3.6. Practice 6

17.3.7. Practice 7

17.3.8. Practice 8

17.4.1. Practice 1

17.4.2. Practice 2

17.4.3. Practice 3

17.5.1. Genetic Linkage4 min

17.5.2. Recombination Frequencies and Linkage Maps6 min

17.5.3. Practice 1

17.5.4. Practice 2

17.5.5. Practice 3

17.5.6. Practice 4

17.6.1. Karyotyping3 min

17.6.2. Practice

17.7.1. Chromosomal Nondisjunction, Aneuploidy and Polyploidy6 min

17.7.2. Example2 min

17.7.3. Practice 1

17.7.4. Practice 27 min

18. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

50min

18.1.1. Genome Editing11 min

18.1.2. CRISPR [detailed]9 min

18.1.3. Practice 1

18.1.4. Practice 2

18.2.1. Gene Cloning5 min

18.2.2. Plasmids2 min

18.2.3. Restriction Enzymes or Endonucleases3 min

18.3.1. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)10 min

18.3.2. Example 15 min

18.3.3. Practice 12 min

18.5.1. (Agarose) Gel Electrophoresis 3 min

19. Genomics

24min

19.1.1. Gene Mapping4 min

19.2.1. DNA Sequencing9 min

19.3.1. Protein Detection Techniques6 min

19.3.2. Mass Spectrometry2 min

19.3.3. Practice 1

19.4.1. Proteomics4 min

19.4.2. Practice 2

20. Cellular Mechanisms of Animal Development

8min

20.1.1. Overview of Animal Structure2 min

20.1.2. Animal Reproduction and Development2 min

20.1.3. Practice

20.1.4. Cell Structure and Specialization5 min

20.1.5. Practice

20.1.6. Practice

20.1.7. Practice

22. Macroevolution and Speciation

9min

22.1.1. Origin of Species9 min

22.1.2. Practice

22.1.3. Practice

22.1.4. Practice

23. Systematics, Phylogenies and Comparative Biology

8min

23.1.1. Phylogenetic Trees4 min

23.1.2. Phylogenetic Trees and Parsimony4 min

23.1.3. Practice

23.1.4. Practice

23.1.5. Practice

24. Earth's History and the Diversification of Life

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