Wize University Chemistry Textbook > Periodic Table Trends

Summary of Periodic Table Trends

Summary of Periodic Trends

Image illustrating Periodic Trends Theory

Review: which direction does Zeff increase in? ________

Example: Periodic Trends

Label the following statements as either TRUE or FALSE

Ionization energy decreases when the atomic size decreases
As atomic size increases it gets easier to add an additional electron
Mg2+ is the same size as Ne since they are isoelectronic

False, ionization energy is high for small atoms
False, as atomic size increases, it is harder to add additional electrons
False, Mg2+ and Ne have the same # of electrons, but Mg2+ has more protons, so it has a higher Zeff and can pull the electrons in closer, resulting in Mg2+ having a smaller atomic radius than Ne!

Practice: Periodic Trends

Which of the following statements is correct about chlorine and phosphorus atoms?

A) The electron affinity of a chlorine atom is smaller than that of a phosphorus atom due to its smaller radius.

B) A chloride anion has higher electron affinity than a neutral chlorine atom.

C) A chlorine atom can easily gain and/or lose an electron since it has both a large electron affinity and a large ionization energy.

D) The effective nuclear charge experienced by the valence electrons in a chlorine atom is smaller than in a phosphorus atom.

E) All of the above statements are false.

I don't know

Practice: Attracting Electrons

For an S-O bond, which atom will attract the electrons within the bond more strongly? Why?

Illustration for practice question: Practice

Sulfur, because it has a higher electronegativity

Oxygen, because it has a higher electronegativity

Sulfur, because it has a higher Zeff

Oxygen, because it has more valence electrons

Sulfur, because it has more protons

Oxygen, because it is smaller

I don't know

Extra Practice

Periodic Trends: Practice

Which of the choices below correctly identifies the relative size, electron affinity, and ionization energy of ground-state Cs, H, and N atoms?

Periodic Trends: Electronegativity

Choose the true statement:

Periodic Trends

Which statement about periodic properties is always true?

A. Electronegativity is defined as the desire an atom has for an electron.

B. High Electron affinity corresponds to a small exothermic electron attachment enthalpy.

Periodic Trends

Which of the following statements is correct about chlorine and phosphorus atoms?

A. The electron affinity of a chlorine atom is smaller than that of a phosphorus atom due to its smaller radius.

B. A chloride anion has higher electron affinity than a neutral chlorine atom.

Periodic Trends: Z Effective

Which of the following periodic properties increases with the increase in effective nuclear charge across a period?

i. Ionization energy

ii. Electron affinity

Practice: Periodic Trends

1. Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing metallic character: Sr, N, Si, P, Ga, Al

2. Compare the 3rd IE of Ca, Sr and Y.

3. Na+ has ionic radius 102 pm and Li has atomic radius 182 pm. Explain.

Summary of Periodic Table Trends

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Summary of Periodic Trends

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Example: Periodic Trends

Practice: Periodic Trends

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Practice: Periodic Trends

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Practice: Attracting Electrons

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Extra Practice