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Match the following terms with their definitions Taxa G…

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Wize University Biology Textbook > Phylogenetic Trees

Phylogenetic Trees

5 Activities

Match the following terms with their definitions

Taxa Group that includes common ancestor with
some, but not all, its descendants

Node Group of organisms that includes ancestor and
its descendants

Sister groups Group or species that represent
descendant in a tree

Outgroup Common ancestors of the taxa

Clade Group that does not include the common
ancestor

Monophyletic group Two taxa that share a common ancestor

Paraphyletic group Taxon that is out of the group of interest

Polyphyletic group Group that includes common ancestor with
descendants
More Phylogenetic Trees Questions:
Practice: Using Trait Tables to Build Phylogenetic Trees
Which of the following phylogenies best represents the below trait table:
Match the following terms with their definitions
The human arm, bat wing and dolphin flipper contain similar bones that developed through similar embryonic tissues. How would you interpret these similarities? select all that apply
Using the following sample data matrix. Draw the phylogeny with maximum parsimony.
Are the wings of birds and flies homologous or analogous traits?
Applying the principle of parsimony, the ability to fly is most likely to have went according to which tree?
In the following diagrams which taxon represents a monophyletic group?
Are the wings of birds and flies homologous or analogous traits?
Applying the principle of parsimony, the ability to fly is most likely to have went according to which tree?
In a given clade, which of the following is true?
Phylogenetic trees are:
In the following diagrams which taxon represents a monophyletic group?
1. Which algae group did the land plants evolve from?
2. What is the name of the monophyletic group that contains this taxa of algae and all the land plants?
3. What chlorophyll is unique do this monophyletic group?
The common ancestor of which clade evolved the derived trait?
The unique types of junctions found in animal cells are good evidence that the animal kingdom is monophyletic.
Name the junction type and answer the questions below.
Practice: Phylogenetics 2
The tree above is one possible phylogeny of the Homo clade. Use this diagram to answer the following questions
1. What does Australopithecus africanus do for this tree?
2. What is happening on the tree where the blue circle is located?
Practice: Mosquitoes
Species ranges:
Anopheles americana: South and Central America and all Caribbean islands
Anopheles equatori: Columbia, Venezuela and Equador.
Practice: Tree relationships
Consider the following tree
Label the follow statements True or False
A. Species B is more closely related to Species D and E than Species F and G
Which of the following would represent a postzygotic barrier to gene flow?
You are studying speciation in crickets. You find that males and females from different populations will mate, but few eggs get fertilized. This is an example of what type of reproductive isolating barrier:
Which species concept can be applied to all organisms/populations?
The human arm, bat wing and dolphin flipper contain similar bones that developed through similar embryonic tissues. How would you interpret these similarities?
Which of the following statements is false?
All the following sources of data are used for constructing phylogenetic trees except:
What characteristics are useful when constructing a phylogenetic tree
Phylogeny
Phylogenetic trees are:
Trees
Which of the following trees has a monophyletic group circle on it?
True or false: Protists are a clade.
Which of the following statements is false regarding the groupings in cladistics analysis?
You want to build a phylogeny that includes humans, E. coli, and a plant species known as Arabidopsis. Which of the following proteins coding genes would you use to help you form this phylogeny?
Evolutionary Theory
Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding evolutionary theory?
1. The shared amino acid code for methionine, AUG, is an example of molecular homology
2. Speciation occurs as the result of a large extinction event occurring rapidly
From Term Test 2 Prep: Which of the following is an example of a homology?
i. All life on Earth using DNA as its genetic storage system
ii. Human tail bones
The first few days of vertebrate development are nearly identical in cell division events and differentiation fates. This is evidence for evolution. Which of the following does this signify?
Three species X, Y and Z share a common ancestor, T. extinct spcies U and V also share T
as a common ancestor. A grouping that includes species T, X Y and Z makes up a…
The first few days of vertebrate development are nearly identical in cell division events
and differentiation fates. This is evidence for evolution. Which of the following does this
signify?
Which of the following statements about the below phylogeny is not correct?
Based on the below phylogeny, which of the traits within the phylogeny would you classify as the following terms:
Which of the following phylogenies best represents the below trait table:
Which of the following statements best describes the parsimony principle?
Which of the following statements given the phylogeny are correct?
A phylogeny containing species C, D and E as well as their common ancestor would be classified as monophyletic
Trait #4 would be classified as an anapomorphy
Using the given table, select the most parsimonious phylogeny:
Which of these groups of organisms is monophyletic?
What is a paraphyletic group?
Concerning the phylogeny, which species is most distantly related to N?
In this phylogeny, of how many clades is species T a member?
Which of the following describes a scenario analogous to the endosymbiont theory?
Which of the following is best described by “a similarity beyond functional necessity”?
What is the best way to build a monophyletic clade?
Which species is most distantly related to “P”?
How many clades is species “P” a member of?
If two animals shared a similar trait, which of the following statements is most accurate?
Which of the following statements is false regarding the groupings in cladistics analysis?
What is the difference between phylogeny and systematics?
Which of the following are the least homologous structures?
What structure is analogous to the human vertebrae?
Practice: Phylogenetic Trees and Taxonomy
Consider the following phylogeny:
How many clades is species "S" a member of?
Phylogenetic trees are:
Which of the following statements is false?
The human arm, bat wing and dolphin flipper contain similar bones that developed through similar embryonic tissues. How would you interpret these similarities?