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Naming and Properties of Amines
Properties:
- Amines have N-H and N-C bonds, both are polar
- The tertiary amine has no N-H bonds so cannot hydrogen bond with itself
- Since amines have polar bonds, they have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons of similar size
- Compared to alcohols (-OH) O is more electronegative so OH bonds are more polar than NH bonds. This is why amines boil at lower temperatures than alcohols
Naming:
Wize Concept
1. Find the longest chain bonded to the nitrogen atom and name the parent alkane. This is the root of the name. Drop the "e" so it becomes methan, propan, etc.
2. Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting with the side closest to the N atom.
3. Place the number of the carbon atom in the longest chain that is bonded to the N atom in front of the suffix "-amine" to indicate it's an amine.
4. For secondary and tertiary amines, name the small hydrocarbon chain(s) as well. These will be the prefix. Write N- in front of each group and order the groups alphabetically. N-ethyl-N-methylhexan-3-amine or N,N-diethylhexan-3-amine.
Name has the form:
N-(alkyl chain name of smaller chain)-N-(alkyl chain of other small chain)(root name of longest chain with "e" removed)-# of C atom in long chain N is bound to-amine.
Example: Name the following molecule
decan-1-amine
Example: Name the following molecule
N,N-dimethyloctan-1-amine
Name the following molecule
