Wize University Biology Textbook > Transcription and Translation
The Central Dogma of Biology
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The Central Dogma of Biology
This is a central point of biology. It explains how our genome can encode the information for proteins that ultimately carry out functions in biological systems.
- DNA stores information in genes.
- Genes are transcribed by RNA Polymerase to messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA is an intermediate between the gene and the protein.
- There are other kinds of RNA that can be transcribed from DNA that are capable of carrying out functions themselves, without being translated into proteins. They include ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and tRNA (involved in translation).
- The mRNA is translated by the ribosome into a protein. Proteins then carry out many of the essential functions within a cell.
Exam Tip
TL;DR: DNA encodes RNA, RNA encodes protein.
Practice: Central Dogma of Biology
What are the different types of RNA molecules that are transcribed from DNA?
Practice: RNA Preparation
When purifying RNA in the lab, special precautions need to be taken such as using a clean, designated RNA room, gloves, and special cleaning solutions. Why do you think such precautions are necessary?
Practice: Base Percentage
The base composition of a virus was found to be 11% A, 32% G, 18% U and 39% C. Is this a DNA or RNA virus (Explain)? Is it single-stranded or double-stranded (Explain)?