Wize University Psychology Textbook > Research Methods in Psychology
The Scientific Method
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The Scientific Method
Using the scientific method allows us to ask questions, design studies, and draw conclusions in a methodical way that is as free from bias and jumping to conclusions as possible.
Applied vs. Basic Research
Basic research attempts to determine and explain the basic principles of how the world works
Example: determining how reuptake inhibitors affect the presence of serotonin in the synapse
Applied research seeks to apply the findings of basic research to solve real-world problems
Example: using what we know about reuptake inhibitors and serotonin to develop and test new treatments for depression
Variables
Variables are anything within a research study that can vary (have multiple values)
Independent variables are variables within an experiment that are manipulated by the researchers
Dependent variables are variables within an experiment that are measured by the researchers
Wize Tip
Only experiments have independent and dependent variables - other kinds of research just have variables
Operational Definitions
An operational definition is a statement of how a particular idea or construct will be measured in a particular study.
Example: Happiness could be measured by number of times someone smiles in a 10 minute interview, self-reported happiness rating on a form, or a measurement of biological markers
Two studies that say they're measuring the same thing (eg happiness) could come to very different conclusions if they are using different operational definitions.
Practice: Research
Dr. Graf is studying whether training older adults using a game he has developed can improve their working memory. Which kind of research is this?