CEM 351
MSU
Course Overview
Lessons & Practice
I. Welcome
1. Structure and Bonding in Organic Molecules
1.6hr1.7.1. Drawing Organic Compouds in 2D1.7.2. Example: 2-D Notation1.7.3. Example: 2-D Notation1.7.4. Summary Sheet: Representing Molecules in Different 2D Notation1.7.5. Summary Sheet: Condensed Formula1.7.6. Drawing Organic Compounds in 3D1.7.7. Example: 3-D Notation1.7.8. Example: 3-D Notation1.7.9. Summary Sheet: Drawing in 3-Dimensions
2. Structure and Reactivity: Acids/Bases, Functional Groups, Alkanes
2.9hr2.1.1. Acid/Base Equilibrium Fundamentals - Use of Acids and Bases in Organic Chemistry2.1.2. Key Definitions in Acids/Bases2.1.3. Acid/Base Equilibrium Constants2.1.4. Example: Acid/Base Arrows 2.1.5. Factors Influencing Acid/Base Strength2.1.6. Electronegativity2.1.7. Atom Size2.1.8. Resonance2.1.9. Hybridization2.1.10. Induction2.1.11. Example: Acid/Base Strength 2.1.12. Example: Acid/Base Strength 2.1.13. Relationship Between pH and pKa2.1.14. Important pKas You Should Know2.1.15. Summary Sheet: pKa's of Common Molecules2.1.16. Summary Sheet: Chemical Equilibria and Acid/Base Chemistry
2.7.1. Cheatsheet: Representing Molecules in Different 2D Notation2.7.2. Example: 2D Notation2.7.3. Example: 2D Notation 22.7.4. Cheatsheet: Representing Molecules in Different 3D Projections2.7.5. Example: 3D Projections2.7.6. Example: 3D Projections 22.7.7. Cheatsheet: Chair Conformations2.7.8. Example: Chair Conformation2.7.9. Example: Chair Conformation 22.7.10. Practice: Chair Conformation
2.8.1. IUPAC Systematic Naming Theory2.8.2. Example: Converting Names to Structures2.8.3. Example: IUPAC Systematic Naming2.8.4. Example: IUPAC Systematic Naming 22.8.5. Practice: IUPAC Systematic Naming2.8.6. Practice: IUPAC Systematic Naming 22.8.7. Cheatsheet: Naming Compounds with Stereochemistry2.8.8. Example: Naming Compounds with Stereochemistry2.8.9. Example: Naming Compounds with Stereochemistry 22.8.10. Practice: Naming Compounds with Stereochemistry2.8.11. Cheatsheet: Naming Aromatic Rings2.8.12. Cheatsheet: IUPAC Naming
3. Reactions of Alkanes (BDEs; Radical Halogenation; Reactivity)
30min4. Stereochemistry & Isomers
1.5hr5. Electrophilic Addition Reactions to Alkenes/Alkynes
2.3hr6. Reduction and Oxidation Reactions
42min7. Structure Elucidation (IR Spectroscopy, NMR, Mass Spectrometry)
1.9hr8. Fundamentals of Organic Structure
I Welcome
Free Activity
0:00 / 2:06
AI Tutor answered
S
Scarlet K
Are there any tips for identifying equivalent hydrogens in a H NMR?
Wize AI Tutor
AIThe main idea is that hydrogens are equivalent if they are in the exact same chemical environment, so they give one signal. A few ways to check:
- Look for symmetry first. Find any mirror plane or rotation that swaps parts of the molecule. Hydrogens that get swapped are equivalent. For example, diethyl ether (CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃) has only 2 signals since both ethyl groups are identical.
- Use the replacement test. Mentally replace one H with a different atom (say Cl), then do the same for the other H. If you get the same compound (or a pair of enantiomers), the H's are equivalent. If you get diastereomers, they are not.
- CH₃ hydrogens are always equivalent to each other because of free rotation around the single bond.
- CH₂ hydrogens are usually equivalent, except when the molecule has a chiral centre nearby, or in rings and alkenes where the two H's point toward different groups.
- Alkenes: on a =CH₂, the two H's are only equivalent if the other carbon has two identical groups. Otherwise one H is cis to one group and the other H is cis to a different group.
- Benzene rings: check the substitution pattern. A para-disubstituted ring with two different groups gives 2 aromatic signals, while a monosubstituted ring usually has 3 sets (ortho, meta, para).
A good habit is to label each unique type of H with a letter (a, b, c…) as you go, so you don't double count.
Answered
Anonymous
is there anything on skeletal structures
R
Rex H
InstructorGreat question!
There is a bunch of content on skeletal answers, check our our gradebooster reviews as well as our subscription content for more info!
Hope this helps!
Answered
David K
how many hours must one devote/wk,? assigned homework? random quizes/mini-tests?
E
Emma D
InstructorHi David - this is a good question. I have some general advice here. First, save yourself time in the long run and invest 10 minutes after each class to make flashcards on things like functional groups, reagents, reactions, pKas, etc. Second, you should plan to do 2 hours of practice for each 1 hour of class (so if you have three 1 hour classes a week, that would mean that you do 6 hours of homework a week). Finally, as test time comes closer, you want to increase this and add an additional 10 or so hours for midterm preparation and 25 hours for final exam preparation.
Be careful for organic chemistry -- it's a course you cannot cram for. If you invest short periods of time frequently over the semester you will get more from class and studying and thus save yourself time in the long run. Topics build on themselves so try and stay on top of things and you will be successful!
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