1. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (Ch.2)

1.2hr

1.1.1. Fundamental chemical laws, Dalton's Atomic Theory, and Early Experiments to Characterize the Atom17 min

1.2.1. The Atom and its Subatomic Particles4 min

1.2.2. Example4 min

1.2.3. Practice2 min

1.3.1. Isotopes and Atomic Mass5 min

1.3.2. Example2 min

1.3.3. Practice6 min

1.3.4. Practice9 min

1.4.1. The Periodic Table of Elements9 min

1.4.2. Practice2 min

1.5.1. Naming Compounds11 min

1.Q. Exam Practise & Problems5 Qns

2. Stoichiometry (Ch.3)

2.1hr

2.1.1. The Mole and The Molar Mass9 min

2.1.2. Example8 min

2.1.3. Practice5 min

2.1.4. Practice

2.2.1. Mass Percentage2 min

2.2.2. Example

2.2.3. Practice

2.3.1. Molecular Formula vs. Empirical Formula1 min

2.3.2. Example

2.4.1. Example #17 min

2.4.2. Example #25 min

2.4.3. Practice

2.4.4. Practice

2.5.1. Balancing Reactions3 min

2.5.2. Example3 min

2.5.3. Stoichiometric Calculations: Amounts of Reactants and Products8 min

2.5.4. Stoichiometry: Putting it All Together6 min

2.5.9. Polyatomic Ions 1 min

2.5.10. Example1 min

2.5.11. Practice4 min

2.6.1. Introduction to Limiting Reagents5 min

2.7.1. Percent Yield 5 min

2.7.2. Example7 min

2.7.3. Practice5 min

2.7.4. Practice

2.Q. Exam Practise & Problems7 Qns

3. Types of Chemical Reactions (Ch.4)

2.2hr

3.1.1. Solubility Chart 8 min

3.1.2. Example5 min

3.1.3. Example5 min

3.1.4. Practice

3.2.1. Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions 4 min

3.3.1. Definitions of Acids and Bases 3 min

3.3.2. Strong and Weak Acids2 min

3.3.3. Strong and Weak Bases2 min

3.3.4. Neutralization Reactions

3.4.1. Strong Base + Strong Acid Reactions3 min

3.4.2. Strong Base + Weak Acid Reactions4 min

3.4.3. Strong Acid + Weak Base Reactions3 min

3.4.4. Practice9 min

3.5.1. Acid-Base Titrations4 min

3.5.2. Example7 min

3.6.1. Oxidation States7 min

3.6.2. Oxidation States - Additional Information5 min

3.6.3. Example3 min

3.6.4. Practice

3.6.5. Practice

3.7.1. Redox Reactions Theory8 min

3.7.2. Practice3 min

3.7.3. Practice49 sec

3.7.4. Practice

3.8.1. Balancing Redox Reactions-Half Reaction Method 18 min

3.8.2. Practice

3.9.1. Three Ways to Write Out Chemical Reactions11 min

3.9.2. Practice

3.9.3. Relating Net Ionic Equations to Ionization of Acids and Bases8 min

3.10.1. Combustion Reactions3 min

3.10.2. Classifying Reactions4 min

3.10.3. Example

4. Gases (Ch.5)

2.5hr

4.1.1. Phases of Matter3 min

4.2.1. Mercury Barometer5 min

4.2.2. Practice: Barometer

4.3.1. The Ideal Gas Law5 min

4.3.2. Example2 min

4.3.3. Example7 min

4.3.4. Practice8 min

4.4.1. Gas Laws11 min

4.4.2. Example5 min

4.4.3. Practice3 min

4.4.4. Practice

4.5.1. The Molar Volume of an Ideal Gas5 min

4.5.2. Other Applications of the Ideal Gas Law3 min

4.6.1. Gas Mixtures & Partial Pressures6 min

4.6.2. Example2 min

4.6.3. Practice4 min

4.6.4. Practice

4.7.1. The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases7 min

4.8.1. Relationships Between Kinetic Energy, Temperature, and Speeds9 min

4.8.2. Root Mean Squared Velocity Equation3 min

4.9.1. Graham's Law of Effusion7 min

4.9.2. Practice4 min

4.9.3. Practice

4.10.1. Real Gases and the Van der Waals Equation16 min

4.10.2. Real Gases vs Ideal Gases & the Compressibility Factor5 min

4.10.3. Example4 min

4.10.4. Example

4.10.5. Practice

4.Q. Exam Practise & Problems18 Qns

5. Thermodynamics (1st law, Enthalpy and Calorimetry) (Ch.9)

2.2hr

5.1.1. Key Terms in Thermochemistry4 min

5.1.2. Example2 min

5.1.3. Additional Terminology5 min

5.2.1. The 1st Law of Thermodynamics7 min

5.2.2. Signs of Heat and Work and Calculating Work4 min

5.2.3. Example5 min

5.2.4. Practice1 min

5.2.5. Practice3 min

5.3.1. Expansion Due to Chemical Reaction8 min

5.3.2. Example4 min

5.3.3. Practice2 min

5.4.1. Introduction to Enthalpy of Reaction2 min

5.4.2. Example4 min

5.5.1. Calorimetry12 min

5.5.2. Thermodynamics of Ideal Gases2 min

5.5.3. Heat Capacity of Monatomic Gases4 min

5.5.4. Practice3 min

5.5.5. Practice

5.6.1. Heat Capacity and Calorimetry13 min

5.6.2. Example7 min

5.6.3. Example6 min

5.6.4. Practice56 sec

5.6.5. Practice10 min

5.6.6. Example7 min

5.6.7. Practice

5.7.1. Heats of Formation6 min

5.7.2. Example

5.7.3. Practice

5.7.4. Practice

5.8.1. Bond Dissociation Energy4 min

5.8.2. Example

5.8.3. Practice

5.9.1. Hess’ Law5 min

5.9.2. Practice

5.9.3. Practice [challenging]1 min

6. Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Theory (Ch.12)

3hr

6.1.1. Review of Previous Atomic Models 12 min

6.2.1. Electromagnetic Spectrum2 min

6.2.2. Photon Equations5 min

6.2.3. Photon Equations (Cntd.)9 min

6.3.1. Blackbody Radiation3 min

6.4.1. The Photoelectric Effect8 min

6.4.2. The Photoelectric Effect Equation11 min

6.4.3. Example5 min

6.4.4. Practice3 min

6.4.5. Practice5 min

6.5.1. The Basics of Absorption and Emission Spectra3 min

6.5.2. Bohr's Atomic Model 12 min

6.5.3. Absorption vs Emission of a Photon3 min

6.5.4. Example4 min

6.5.5. Example3 min

6.6.1. The Bohr Model Equations8 min

6.6.2. Example4 min

6.6.3. Example8 min

6.6.4. Practice 6 min

6.7.1. The Bohr Model and Atomic Line Spectra7 min

6.7.2. Electronic Transitions of the Hydrogen Atom8 min

6.7.3. Example4 min

6.7.4. Practice

6.7.5. Practice1 min

6.7.6. Emission Line Spectrum Sample Problem2 min

6.8.1. The Bohr Model vs. The Quantum Model6 min

6.8.2. Wave-Particle Duality & the de Broglie Equation 8 min

6.8.3. Example2 min

6.8.4. Practice

6.8.5. Practice3 min

6.9.1. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle5 min

6.9.2. Example9 min

6.9.3. Practice4 min

6.10.1. Standing Waves & Particle in a 1-D Box5 min

6.10.2. Example

6.10.3. Example43 sec

6.10.4. Practice3 min

6.11.1. Schrodinger's Equation3 min

6.Q. Exam Practise & Problems14 Qns

7. Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Theory (Ch.12)

3hr

7.1.1. Quantum Numbers11 min

7.1.2. Quantum Numbers Cheatsheet

7.2.1. Shapes (Boundary Diagrams) of Atomic Orbitals7 min

7.2.2. Drawing Atomic Orbitals7 min

7.2.3. Example3 min

7.2.4. Practice

7.3.1. Angular and Radial Nodes10 min

7.3.2. Wave Properties of Electrons4 min

7.3.3. Plotting Radial Electron Probability8 min

7.4.1. Relative Energies of Atomic Orbitals (Degenerate Orbitals)11 min

7.4.2. The Aufbau Principle (Rules for Orbital Filling)10 min

7.5.1. Electronic Configurations of Atoms11 min

7.5.2. Electron Configurations Cheatsheet

7.5.3. Electron Configuration Exceptions5 min

7.6.1. Electron Configurations of Ions of Main Group Elements9 min

7.6.2. Electron Configuration of Ions of Transition Elements2 min

7.6.3. Example5 min

7.6.4. Example5 min

7.6.5. Practice3 min

7.7.1. Diamagnetic Vs Paramagnetic 7 min

7.7.2. Example8 min

7.7.3. Practice

7.8.1. Ground State Vs Excited State Electron Configurations6 min

7.Q. Exam Practise & Problems11 Qns

8. Periodic Table Trends (Ch.12)

1.9hr

8.1.1. Effective Nuclear Charge 9 min

8.1.2. Example1 min

8.1.3. Practice2 min

8.2.1. Ionization Energy 5 min

8.2.2. Comparing 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Ionization Energies9 min

8.2.3. Practice2 min

8.2.4. Practice2 min

8.2.5. Practice5 min

8.3.1. Electron Affinity 10 min

8.3.2. Example2 min

8.3.3. Practice2 min

8.3.4. Practice4 min

8.4.1. Atomic Radius Trend7 min

8.4.2. Ionic Radius7 min

8.4.3. Example2 min

8.4.4. Example3 min

8.4.5. Practice1 min

8.5.1. Summary of Periodic Table Trends2 min

8.6.1. Exceptions to the Periodic Trends3 min

8.6.2. Exceptions to Periodic Trends Examples10 min

8.6.3. Exceptions to Periodic Trends Summary2 min

8.6.4. Example3 min

8.6.5. Practice4 min

8.Q. Exam Practise & Problems9 Qns

9. Bonding: General Concepts (Ch.13)

4hr

9.1.1. Introduction to Intramolecular Bonds and Electronegativity4 min

9.1.2. The Ionic and Covalent Bonds14 min

9.1.7. Bond Polarity (Example)2 min

9.2.1. Lattice Energy of Ionic Bonds6 min

9.3.1. Properties of Covalent Bonds (Bond Length, Bond Dissociation Energy and Bond Order)11 min

9.3.2. Example

9.3.3. Practice4 min

9.4.1. BDE Calculation4 min

9.4.2. Practice

9.5.1. Drawing Lewis Structures 17 min

9.6.1. Resonance Structures7 min

9.6.2. Equivalent Vs Non-Equivalent Resonance Structures5 min

9.7.1. Lewis Structures of Acids2 min

9.7.2. Lewis Structures of Acids and Salts6 min

9.7.3. Example: Lewis Structures of Sulphuric Acid3 min

9.7.4. Practice: Acids and Salts2 min

9.8.1. Lewis Structures of Organic Compounds4 min

9.8.2. Resonance in Organic Molecules1 min

9.8.3. Example: Benzene Derivatives2 min

9.8.4. Example: Organic Compounds5 min

9.8.5. Example: Resonance II2 min

9.8.6. Practice: Identifying Resonance Structures

9.9.1. Filling in a Skeletal Structure3 min

9.9.2. Example: Skeletal Structure 13 min

9.9.3. Practice: Organic Compounds3 min

9.9.4. Practice: Skeletal Structure 232 sec

9.9.5. Practice: Benzene Derivatives 24 min

9.10.1. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory20 min

9.10.2. Example10 min

9.10.3. Example6 min

9.10.4. Practice

9.10.5. Practice

9.10.6. VSEPR and Molecular Shapes Cheatsheet

9.11.1. Review of Polar Covalent Bonds

9.11.2. Molecular Polarity 8 min

9.11.3. Example8 min

9.11.4. Practice

9.11.5. Practice3 min

9.12.1. VSEPR Theory for Organic Compounds4 min

9.12.2. VSEPR Shapes for Organic Compounds - Example Problem2 min

9.12.3. Practice Question: VSEPR Theory for Organic Compounds2 min

9.12.4. Practice Question 2: VSEPR Theory for Organic Compounds3 min

9.Q. Exam Practise & Problems7 Qns

10. Covalent Bonding: Orbitals (Ch.14)

1.7hr

10.1.1. Introduction to Hybridization5 min

10.1.2. Determining Hybridization7 min

10.1.3. Example8 min

10.1.4. Example4 min

10.1.5. Example: Determine the Hybridization on Carbon2 min

10.1.6. Practice

10.2.1. Hybridization (Hybrid Atomic Orbitals)11 min

10.2.2. Example: Valence Bond Description of O

_2

and N

_2

4 min

10.2.3. Practice: Bonding in Methyldiazene1 min

10.2.4. Practice: Bonding in Methyldiazene Part 21 min

10.3.1. Sigma and Pi Bonds2 min

10.3.2. Sigma and Pi Bonds 3 min

10.3.3. Practice

10.4.1. Example: Drawing Orbital Overlap Diagrams7 min

10.4.2. Example: Valence Bond Description of Acetone6 min

10.5.1. sp3 Hybridization8 min

10.5.2. sp3 Hybridization - Example Problem4 min

10.5.3. sp2 Hybridization3 min

10.5.4. sp2 Hybridization - Example Problem2 min

10.5.5. sp Hybridization2 min

10.5.6. sp Hybridization - Example Problem2 min

10.5.7. Unhybridized p Orbitals7 min

10.5.8. Unhybridized p Orbitals - Example Problem4 min

10.5.9. dsp3 and d2sp3 Hybridization3 min

10.5.10. dsp3 Hybridization - Example Problem2 min

10.5.11. d2sp3 Hybridization - Example Problem2 min

10.5.12. Practice Question: Hybridization with d Orbitals3 min

10.Q. Exam Practise & Problems7 Qns

11. Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory (Ch.14)

1.4hr

11.1.1. Introduction to Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory 3 min

11.1.2. How to Draw MO Diagrams for Homonuclear Diatomics8 min

11.1.3. Example: Molecular Orbitals of Li

_2

2 min

11.1.4. Example: Molecular Orbitals of HeH

^+

3 min

11.1.5. Practice: Diamagnetic Diatomics2 min

11.1.6. Practice: MO Orbitals Problem2 min

11.1.7. Practice: Molecular orbital (Challenging Problem)

11.2.1. Molecular Orbital Theory (Continued)3 min

11.2.2. Drawing MO Diagrams5 min

11.2.3. Example: Molecular Orbital Theory Questions5 min

11.2.4. Practice: Bond Order2 min

11.3.1. Example: MO Diagrams of 2s Block Molecules2 min

11.3.2. MO Diagrams of 2p Block Molecules10 min

11.3.3. s-p Mixing in MO Diagrams6 min

11.3.4. Example: MO Diagrams with s-p Mixing5 min

11.3.5. MO Diagrams without s-p Mixing - Example Problem4 min

11.3.6. Practice Question: MO Diagrams of Homonuclear Diatomics6 min

11.3.7. Practice Question: MO Diagrams of Neutral and Ionic Diatomics4 min

11.4.1. MO Diagrams of p Heteronuclear Diatomics3 min

11.4.2. MO Diagrams of p and s Heteronuclear Diatomics5 min

11.4.3. Example: MO Diagrams of p Heteronuclear Diatomics2 min

11.4.4. Example: MO Diagrams of p and s Heteronuclear Diatomics3 min

11.4.5. Practice: MO Diagrams of Heteronuclear Diatomics2 min

11.Q. Exam Practise & Problems9 Qns

12. Molecular Spectroscopy (Ch.14)

1.9hr

12.1.1. Infrared Spectroscopy10 min

12.1.2. IR Spectroscopy Table

12.1.11. Infrared Spectroscopy Cheatsheet

12.2.1. Mass Spectrometry18 min

12.2.2. Example: Mass Spectrometry 1

12.2.3. Example: Mass Spectrometry 2

12.2.4. Example: Mass Spectrometry 3

12.2.5. Mass Spectrometry Practice

12.2.6. Mass Spectrum Practice Problem

12.2.7. Mass Spectrum Practice Problem

12.3.1. Introduction to NMR19 min

12.3.2. Example: Intro to NMR 13 min

12.3.3. Example: Intro to NMR 22 min

12.4.1. 1H NMR10 min

12.4.2. Example: 1H NMR 16 min

12.4.3. Example: 1H NMR 25 min

12.4.4. Practice Question: 1H NMR 1

12.4.5. Practice Question: 1H NMR 2

12.4.6. Practice Question: 1H NMR 3

12.5.1. 13C NMR15 min

12.5.2. Example: 13C NMR 14 min

12.5.3. Example: 13C NMR 27 min

12.5.4. Example: 13C NMR 1

12.5.5. Example: 13C NMR 2

12.5.6. Example: 13C NMR 3

12.6.1. Visible Region of the Electromagnetic Spectrum 4 min

12.6.2. UV-vis Theory4 min

12.6.3. UV-vis Practice Problem

12.7.1. Structure Elucidation

12.7.2. Spectroscopy Overview

12.Q. Checkpoint Quiz8 Qns

12.P.1. Practice: Structure Elucidation 1

12.P.2. Practice: Structure Elucidation 2

12.P.3. Practice: Structure Elucidation 3

13. Liquids and Solids (Ch.16)

2.9hr

13.1.1. Intramolecular vs Intermolecular Forces5 min

13.1.2. Types of Intermolecular Forces15 min

13.1.3. Example

13.1.4. Example

13.1.5. Practice9 min

13.2.1. Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Ion-Induced Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, and Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole Intermolecular Forces9 min

13.2.2. Strength of Intermolecular Forces Cheatsheet

13.3.1. Phases of Matter and Intermolecular Forces3 min

13.3.2. Intermolecular Forces and Boiling Point11 min

13.3.3. How Intermolecular Forces Affect Changes of State, Solubility, and Vapor Pressure6 min

13.4.1. Viscosity 5 min

13.4.2. Surface Tension6 min

13.4.3. Capillary Action10 min

13.4.4. Example4 min

13.4.5. Example

13.4.6. Practice

13.4.7. Practice 8 min

13.5.1. Vapour Pressure Equation

13.5.2. Practice

13.6.1. Phase Transitions7 min

13.6.2. Practice

13.7.1. Introduction to the Heat Curve15 min

13.7.2. Important Things to Know About the Heat Curve6 min

13.7.3. Example8 min

13.7.4. Practice

13.7.5. Practice

13.8.1. Phase Diagrams13 min

13.8.2. Extra Low Yield Information for Phase Diagrams4 min

13.Q. Exam Practise & Problems5 Qns

14. Properties of Solutions (Ch.17)

49min

14.1.1. Types of Solutions3 min

14.1.2. Ways to Express Solutions Concentrations4 min

14.1.3. Three Steps to Solution Formation3 min

14.1.4. Ionic Solutes12 min

14.1.5. Example: Dilution54 sec

14.1.6. Practice: Molarity3 min

14.1.7. Practice: Stoichiometry/Density Conversions2 min

14.2.1. Entropy4 min

14.2.2. Example: Qualitatively Estimating Entropy Changes1 min

14.2.3. Colligative Properties10 min

14.2.4. Example: Freezing Point Depression2 min

14.2.5. Practice: Vapor Pressure 2 min

14.2.6. Practice: Osmotic Pressure 3 min

14.Q. Checkpoint Quiz - Solution Chemistry, Colligative Properties, Entropy7 Qns

14.P.1. Practice: Osmotic Pressure II

14.P.2. Practice: Molality

14.P.3. Practice: Final Volume

14.P.4. Practice: Stoichiometry Problem

14.P.5. Practice: Molarity II

14.P.6. Practice: Molarity III

15. Nuclear Science (Ch.20)

34min

15.1.1. Review: Atomic Structure4 min

15.1.2. Alpha Decay2 min

15.1.3. Beta Decay3 min

15.1.4. Gamma Decay2 min

15.1.5. Writing Nuclear Decay Reactions

15.1.6. Example: Radioactive Decay5 min

15.2.1. Predicting Decay Pathways5 min

15.2.2. Rate and Half-Life1 min

15.2.3. Isotopic Dating3 min

15.2.4. Predicting Decay Pathways

15.2.5. Calcium-41 Decay

15.2.6. Carbon Dating a Fossil

15.3.1. Thermodynamic Stability of the Nucleus (Mass Energy Conversion)4 min

15.3.2. Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion5 min

15.3.3. Nuclear Binding Energy

15.4.1. Nuclear Chemistry Quiz6 Qns

16. Extra Topics for CHEM 121-D200

2.1hr

16.1.1. Introduction to Equilibrium and Dynamic Equilibrium2 min

16.1.2. Concentration vs Time Graphs4 min

16.1.3. Practice3 min

16.1.4. Practice6 min

16.1.5. Equilibrium Constant (K)10 min

16.1.6. Manipulating Equilibrium Constants5 min

16.1.7. Practice7 min

16.1.8. Solving for Kc vs Kp 5 min

16.1.9. Predicting Equilibria: The Reaction Quotient (Q) 6 min

16.1.10. Example4 min

16.1.11. Le Chatelier's Priniciple14 min

16.1.12. Practice6 min

16.2.1. Identifying Conjugate Acid and Base Pairs 7 min

16.2.2. Practice2 min

16.2.3. Acids and their Equations (Ka and pKa)7 min

16.2.4. Practice4 min

16.2.5. Bases and their Equations (pKb and Kb)6 min

16.2.6. pH Scale 7 min

16.2.7. Example2 min

16.2.8. Acid-Base Equations Cheat Sheet

16.3.1. Introduction to Kinetics1 min

16.3.2. Reaction Rates 3 min

16.3.3. Measuring Reaction Rates4 min

16.3.4. Practice: Rate of Reaction6 min

16.3.5. Practice: Rate of Reaction5 min

CHEM 121

Course Overview

1. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (Ch.2)

2. Stoichiometry (Ch.3)

3. Types of Chemical Reactions (Ch.4)

4. Gases (Ch.5)

5. Thermodynamics (1st law, Enthalpy and Calorimetry) (Ch.9)

6. Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Theory (Ch.12)

7. Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Theory (Ch.12)

8. Periodic Table Trends (Ch.12)

9. Bonding: General Concepts (Ch.13)

10. Covalent Bonding: Orbitals (Ch.14)

11. Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory (Ch.14)

12. Molecular Spectroscopy (Ch.14)

13. Liquids and Solids (Ch.16)

14. Properties of Solutions (Ch.17)

15. Nuclear Science (Ch.20)

16. Extra Topics for CHEM 121-D200

Final Exam Overview

Flashcards

Course Notes