Grade 12 Biology

Ontario High School

Course Overview

Lessons & Practice

I. Welcome

1. Chemistry of Life

2.1hr

1.1.1. Types of Chemical Bonds 5 min

1.1.2. Practice 1

1.1.3. Practice 2

1.2.1. Intermolecular Forces: Hydrogen Bonding5 min

1.2.2. Example 2 min

1.2.3. Practice 12 min

1.2.4. Practice 22 min

1.2.5. Practice 33 min

1.3.1. Intermolecular Forces: Van der Waals Interactions 11 min

1.3.2. Practice 13 min

1.3.3. Practice 2

1.4.1. Important Elements that Make Up Life4 min

1.4.2. Unique Properties of Water6 min

1.4.3. Practice 12 min

1.4.4. Practice 22 min

1.5.1. From Monomers to Polymers4 min

1.5.2. Practice 1

1.5.3. Practice 2

1.5.4. Practice 3

1.6.1. Proteins6 min

1.6.2. Protein Folding4 min

1.6.3. Functions of Proteins7 min

1.6.4. Example1 min

1.6.5. Practice 13 min

1.6.6. Practice 2

1.6.7. Practice 3

1.6.8. Practice 4

1.7.1. Carbohydrates (Sugars)5 min

1.7.2. Polysaccharides6 min

1.7.3. Practice 1

1.7.4. Practice 2

1.7.5. Practice 3

1.8.1. Lipids: Fats10 min

1.8.2. Lipids: Phospholipids5 min

1.8.3. Lipids: Steroids3 min

1.8.4. Example3 min

1.8.5. Practice 13 min

1.8.6. Practice 2

1.8.7. Practice 3

1.8.8. Practice 4

1.9.1. Nucleic Acids5 min

1.9.2. The DNA Double Helix5 min

1.9.3. Example2 min

1.9.4. Practice 11 min

1.9.5. Practice 22 min

1.9.6. Practice 33 min

1.9.7. Practice 445 sec

2. Cell Structure

1.7hr

2.1.1. Prokaryotic Cells5 min

2.1.2. Practice 1

2.1.3. Bacteria and Archaea Cell Wall Composition4 min

2.1.4. Practice 2

2.1.5. Practice 3

2.2.1. Eukaryotic Cells11 min

2.2.2. Illustrations of Cellular Components7 min

2.2.3. Practice 1

2.2.4. Practice 2

2.3.1. Eukaryotic Cells [Introduction for detailed courses]2 min

2.3.2. Ribosomes 3 min

2.3.3. Peroxisomes3 min

2.3.4. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts6 min

2.3.5. Plant versus Animal Cells3 min

2.3.6. Practice 1

2.3.7. Practice 2

2.3.8. Practice 3

2.3.9. Practice 4

2.4.1. The Endomembrane System2 min

2.4.2. The Nucleus5 min

2.4.3. The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)4 min

2.4.4. The Golgi Apparatus3 min

2.4.5. Lysosomes, Vacuoles and Vesicles

2.4.6. Example 1

2.4.7. Practice 1

2.4.8. Practice 2

2.4.9. Practice 3

2.5.1. Cytoskeleton Overview [short lesson]5 min

2.5.2. Microtubules6 min

2.5.3. Actin Microfilaments4 min

2.5.4. Intermediate Filaments3 min

2.5.5. Practice 1

2.5.6. Practice 2

2.5.7. Illustrations of the Cytoskeleton4 min

2.6.1. Motor Proteins5 min

2.6.2. Flagella and Cilia3 min

2.6.3. Practice 1

2.6.4. Practice 2

2.7.1. Extracellular Matrix2 min

2.7.2. Junctions and Adhesions5 min

2.7.3. Practice 1

2.7.4. Practice 2

2.7.5. Practice 3

2.8.1. Endosymbiont Theory5 min

2.8.2. Example 1

2.8.3. Practice 1

2.8.4. Practice 2

2.8.5. Practice 3

3. The Plasma Membrane

52min

3.1.1. The Fluid Mosaic Model5 min

3.1.2. Factors Affecting Membrane Fluidity5 min

3.1.3. Practice 1

3.1.4. Practice 21 min

3.1.5. Practice 31 min

3.2.1. Membrane Permeability3 min

3.2.2. Introduction and Passive Transport7 min

3.2.3. Practice 12 min

3.2.4. Practice 2

3.3.1. Active Transport7 min

3.3.2. Example 3 min

3.3.3. Practice 13 min

3.4.1. Osmosis and Osmolarity6 min

3.4.2. Practice 14 min

3.4.3. Practice 21 min

3.5.1. Endocytosis and Exocytosis

3.5.2. Practice 1

3.5.3. Practice 21 min

4. Energy & Metabolism

2.1hr

4.1.1. Enzymes6 min

4.1.2. Enzyme Activity4 min

4.1.3. Example1 min

4.1.4. Practice 1 min

4.2.1. Enzyme Regulation10 min

4.2.2. Feedback Inhibition3 min

4.2.3. Example 13 min

4.2.4. Example 26 min

4.2.5. Practice 12 min

4.3.1. Redox (Reduction-Oxidation) Reactions7 min

4.3.2. Practice 13 min

4.3.3. Practice 23 min

4.4.1. Overview of Metabolism4 min

4.4.2. Nutrients Required by Cells4 min

4.4.3. Practice 11 min

4.4.4. Practice 22 min

4.4.5. Practice 32 min

4.5.1. The Laws of Thermodynamics8 min

4.5.2. Example 2 min

4.5.3. Practice2 min

4.6.1. Potential and Kinetic Energies3 min

4.6.2. Practice 11 min

4.6.3. Energy in Reactions7 min

4.6.4. Example 15 min

4.6.5. Activation Energy3 min

4.6.6. Gibbs Free Energy8 min

4.6.7. Practice 22 min

4.7.1. ATP and the Proton Motive Force (PMF)6 min

4.7.2. Example1 min

4.7.3. Practice 2 min

4.8.1. Coupled Reactions6 min

4.8.2. Example 1 min

4.8.3. Practice 1

4.8.4. Practice 22 min

5. Cellular Respiration

1.5hr

5.1.1. Overview of Cellular Respiration4 min

5.2.1. Glycolysis4 min

5.2.2. Practice 1

5.2.3. Practice 22 min

5.2.4. Practice 3

5.3.1. Steps of Glycolysis: Intro and Stage I [Detailed]7 min

5.3.2. Steps of Glycolysis: Stages II and III [Detailed]9 min

5.3.3. Practice 1

5.3.4. Practice 2

5.3.5. Practice 3

5.3.6. Practice 4

5.4.1. Energy of Glucose Metabolism7 min

5.4.2. Practice 1

5.5.1. Glycolysis Regulation8 min

5.5.2. Practice 1

5.5.3. Practice 2

5.6.1. Glycolysis Full Sequence of Reactions and Summary [detailed]8 min

5.7.1. Pyruvate Processing4 min

5.7.2. Practice 1

5.8.1. The Citric Acid Cycle3 min

5.8.2. Practice 12 min

5.8.3. Practice 2

5.8.4. Practice 3

5.9.1. The Citric Acid Cycle - Substrates and Enzymes [detailed]10 min

5.9.2. Practice 1

5.9.3. Practice 2

5.9.4. Practice 3

5.10.1. Electron Transport Chain Overview3 min

5.10.2. Example

5.10.3. Practice 12 min

5.10.4. Practice 23 min

5.11.1. The Electron Transport Chain8 min

5.11.2. Example

5.11.3. Practice 1

5.11.4. Practice 2

5.11.5. Practice 3

5.11.6. Practice 4

5.12.1. Fermentation3 min

5.12.2. Practice 1

5.12.3. Practice 2

5.12.4. Practice 3

6. Photosynthesis

48min

6.1.1. Plant Structures for Photosynthesis4 min

6.1.2. Practice 1

6.1.3. Practice 2

6.2.1. Photosynthesis [short]9 min

6.2.2. Practice 12 min

6.2.3. Practice 2

6.3.1. Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis [detailed]10 min

6.3.2. Non-Cyclic and Cyclic Versions of Light-Dependent Reactions3 min

6.3.3. Practice 11 min

6.3.4. Practice 22 min

6.4.1. Calvin Cycle [Carbon Fixation]8 min

6.4.2. Example3 min

6.4.3. Practice 12 min

6.4.4. Practice 23 min

7. DNA Replication & Repair

2.4hr

7.1.1. Review of DNA Structure10 min

7.1.2. Practice 12 min

7.1.3. Practice 2

7.2.1. Meselson-Stahl Experiment9 min

7.2.2. Practice 12 min

7.2.3. Example: Applying the Meselson-Stahl Experiment2 min

7.3.1. DNA Replication in Cells14 min

7.3.2. Example: Leading and Lagging Strands2 min

7.3.3. Practice 12 min

7.3.4. Practice 23 min

7.3.5. Example: Complete the Replication Bubble4 min

7.4.1. Telomerase4 min

7.4.2. Practice 11 min

7.4.3. Practice 22 min

7.5.1. Types of DNA Mutations9 min

7.5.2. Practice 1

7.5.3. Practice 2

7.5.4. Sources of Mutation: DNA Slippage5 min

7.5.5. Sources of Mutation: Tautomeric Shifts7 min

7.5.6. Example: Tautomeric Shifts4 min

7.5.7. Sources of Mutation: Copy Number Variations3 min

7.5.8. Sources of Mutation: Mobile Elements7 min

7.6.1. Repair of Mutations During Replication [Exonuclease Activity and Mismatch Repair]10 min

7.6.2. Repair of Mutations by Mutagens [Nucleotide Excision Repair]3 min

7.6.3. Practice 12 min

7.7.1. Repair of DNA Double Stranded Breaks [detailed]9 min

7.7.2. Practice 12 min

7.8.1. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)10 min

7.8.2. Primer Design3 min

7.8.3. Example 15 min

7.8.4. Practice 12 min

7.8.5. Practice 2

8. Gene Expression & Regulation

1.2hr

8.1.1. Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression4 min

8.1.2. Prokaryotic Levels of Regulation6 min

8.1.3. Prokaryotic Regulatory Proteins5 min

8.1.4. Types of Transcriptional Regulation5 min

8.1.5. Practice 1

8.1.6. Practice 2

8.1.7. Practice 3

8.2.1. The Tryptophan (Trp) Operon5 min

8.2.2. Trp Operon Attenuation8 min

8.2.3. The Trp Operon Summary

8.2.4. Example 1

8.2.5. Example 2

8.2.6. Practice 1

8.2.7. Practice 2

8.3.1. The Lac Operon5 min

8.3.2. Practice 1

8.3.3. Practice 2

8.3.4. Practice 3

8.4.1. The Lac Operon [detailed]5 min

8.4.2. The Lac Operon & Glucose Regulation [detailed]5 min

8.4.3. Lac Operon Summary

8.4.4. Example 1

8.4.5. Example 2

8.4.6. Practice 1

8.5.1. The Maltose (mal) Operon 4 min

8.5.2. Example 1

8.5.3. Practice 1

8.5.4. Practice 2

8.5.5. Practice 3

8.6.1. Epigenetic Gene Regulation5 min

8.6.2. X-Chromosome Inactivation4 min

8.6.3. Practice 1

8.6.4. Practice 2

8.7.1. Transcription Factors, Enhancers and Repressors3 min

8.7.2. Practice 1

8.7.3. Practice 2

8.8.1. Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation6 min

8.8.2. Practice 1

8.8.3. Practice 2

8.9.1. Translational and Post-translational Regulation2 min

8.9.2. Practice

9. Transcription and Translation

1.8hr

9.1.1. The Central Dogma of Biology4 min

9.1.2. Practice 1

9.1.3. Practice 22 min

9.1.4. Practice 32 min

9.2.1. Genes and mRNA8 min

9.2.2. General Structure of mRNA4 min

9.2.3. The Genetic Code8 min

9.2.4. Reading Frame3 min

9.2.5. Practice 13 min

9.2.6. Practice 22 min

9.2.7. Practice 32 min

9.2.8. Practice 43 min

9.2.9. Summary of Genes and mRNA

9.3.1. Initiation8 min

9.3.2. Elongation7 min

9.3.3. Termination4 min

9.3.4. Practice 14 min

9.3.5. Practice 22 min

9.3.6. Practice 3

9.4.1. Transcription In Eukaryotes9 min

9.4.2. Practice 1

9.5.1. RNA Maturation in Eukaryotes8 min

9.5.2. Example 3 min

9.5.3. Practice 11 min

9.5.4. Practice 23 min

9.5.5. mRNA Maturation - Theory3 min

9.6.1. Translation into Proteins9 min

9.6.2. Differences in Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Translation3 min

9.6.3. Example 15 min

9.6.4. Example 2

9.6.5. Transcription vs. Translation Chart

9.6.6. Practice 1

9.6.7. Practice 2

10. Evolution

1.2hr

10.I. Intro: Evolution31 sec

10.1.1. Charles Darwin6 min

10.1.2. Practice

10.1.3. Practice

10.1.4. Practice

10.2.1. Descent with Modification6 min

10.2.2. Practice

10.2.3. Practice

10.2.4. Practice

10.2.5. Practice

10.3.1. The Modern Synthesis6 min

10.3.2. Practice

10.3.3. Practice

10.4.1. Evolution of Populations5 min

10.4.2. Example2 min

10.4.3. Practice46 sec

10.4.4. Practice46 sec

10.4.5. Practice1 min

10.4.6. Graphing Allele Frequencies Over Time7 min

10.4.7. Practice: Relative Fitness5 min

10.5.1. Hardy-Weinberg Principle5 min

10.5.2. Hardy-Weinberg Equation5 min

10.5.3. Example4 min

10.5.4. Practice

10.5.5. Practice

10.5.6. Example: Applying HWE during experimentation5 min

10.5.7. Practice: Assortative Mating10 min

10.Q. Quiz: Evolution8 Qns

11. Ecology

52min

11.1.1. Introduction2 min

11.1.2. Food Webs6 min

11.1.3. Practice

11.1.4. Practice

11.1.5. Practice

11.2.1. Biomes and Abiotic Factors5 min

11.2.2. Practice

11.2.3. Practice

11.3.1. Carbon Cycle3 min

11.3.2. Nitrogen Cycle1 min

11.3.3. Phosphorous Cycle1 min

11.3.4. Practice

11.3.5. Practice

11.3.6. Practice

11.4.1. Community Ecology4 min

11.4.2. Disturbances5 min

11.4.3. Ecology Practice Problem 2 (Community Ecology)

11.4.4. Practice

11.4.5. Practice

11.5.1. Species Interactions5 min

11.5.2. Species Interaction Fillable Summary Sheet

11.5.3. Practice

11.5.4. Practice

11.6.1. Life Histories6 min

11.6.2. Practice

11.6.3. Life Tables4 min

11.6.4. Practice2 min

11.7.1. Survivorship2 min

11.7.2. Practice

11.8.1. Population Growth4 min

11.8.2. Density Dependent Population Growth3 min

11.8.3. Practice

11.8.4. Practice

11.8.5. Practice

11.8.6. Practice

12. Overview of Animals

17min

12.I. Intro: Overview of Animals55 sec

12.1.1. Overview of Animal Structure2 min

12.1.2. Animal Reproduction and Development2 min

12.1.3. Practice

12.1.4. Cell Structure and Specialization5 min

12.1.5. Practice

12.1.6. Practice

12.1.7. Practice

12.2.1. Animal Body Cavities2 min

12.2.2. Practice

12.3.1. Evolution of Animals6 min

12.3.2. Practice

12.3.3. Practice

12.Q. Quiz: Overview of Animals7 Qns

13. Animal Physiology

23min

13.1.1. Overview of Animal Physiology2 min

13.1.2. Practice

13.2.1. Animal Tissue Types2 min

13.2.2. Practice

13.2.3. Practice

13.3.1. Thermoregulation5 min

13.3.2. Practice

13.3.3. Practice

13.4.1. Osmoregulation5 min

13.4.2. Practice

13.4.3. Practice

13.5.1. Circulation5 min

13.5.2. Practice

13.5.3. Practice

13.5.4. Practice

13.6.1. Respiration5 min

13.6.2. Practice

13.6.3. Practice

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