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Wize High School Grade 11 Chemistry Textbook > Solutions

Solutions

Chemical AnalysisPrevious Section
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Solutions

  • Solutions are homogeneous mixtures containing a solvent and a solute
  • The solvent is the component of a solution that is found in a greater quantity
  • The solute is the component found in a lesser amount
  • Solutions can be gaseous, liquid or solid; the state of the solution is the same is as the state of the solvent
  • Solid solutions are also know as alloys
  • Liquid solutions with water as the solvent are known as aqueous solutions

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Properties of Aqueous Solutions

  • Electrolytes are compounds that dissolve in water, producing a solution that conducts electricity
  • Strong electrolytes dissolve to give solutions that conduct electricity efficiently These compounds completely dissociate or ionize in solution Example: ionic compounds, strong acids, and strong bases
NaCℓ(s)→ Na+(aq)+Cℓ−(aq)NaC\ell(s)\to\ Na^+(aq)+C\ell^-(aq)
HCℓ(aq)→H+(aq)+Cℓ−(aq)HC\ell\left(aq\right)\to H^+\left(aq\right)+C\ell^-\left(aq\right)
  • Weak electrolytes dissolve to give solutions that don't conduct as much as strong electrolytes These compounds only produce few ions when they dissolve in water Examples: Weak acids and weak bases
NH3(aq)+H2O(ℓ)⇌NH4+(aq)+OH+(aq)NH_3(aq)+H_2O(\ell)\rightleftharpoons NH_4^+(aq) + OH^+(aq)
  • Non-electrolytes are solutions that do not conduct electricity These are molecular that dissolve in water but don't produce any ions Example: Molecular compounds like C6H12O6
C6H12O6(s)→C6H12O6(aq)C_6H_{12}O_6\left(s\right)\to C_6H_{12}O_6\left(aq\right)
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Example: Identifying Solutes and Solvents

Identify the solute and the solvent in the following solutions:
  1. sweetened tea
  2. vinegar
  3. soft drinks
  4. natural gas

Practice: Solutions Terms and Definitions

Match the following terms and definitions.
A.
homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single physical state
B.
substance that dissolves in water to form a solution that conducts an electric current
C.
solution with water as the solvent
D.
substance that is dissolved in a solution
E.
solid solution containing two or more metals
F.
substance that does the dissolving in a solution
solution
solute
solvent
alloy
aqueous solution
electrolyte

Practice: Identifying Solutes and Solvents

For each of the following solutions , identify:
  • the original state of the solute (gas (G), liquid (L) or solid (S))
  • the original state of the solvent (gas (G), liquid (L) or solid (S))
  • the state of the solution itself (gas (G), liquid (L) or solid (S))
SolutionState of SoluteState of SolventState of Solution
Club Soda
Hand Sanitizer
Ocean Water
Air

Which of the following compounds is a weak electrolyte in water?