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Naming and Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
Properties:
- The carbonyl group is very polar
- These cannot hydrogen bond with themselves because they don't have OH bonds, but can hydrogen bond with water since they have a very electronegative O atom.
- Recall that alcohols have the OH group and are thus able to hydrogen bond with themselves and with water
- This is why aldehydes and ketones have lower boiling points than analogous alcohols and they are less soluble in water than alcohols
- But because of the polar carbonyl group, they are more soluble in water than hydrocarbons are
Naming:
Wize Concept
For aldehydes:
1. Take the parent alkane name, drop the final "e" and add the suffix "al" ex. pentanal.
2. The aldehyde group is always carbon 1.
For ketones:
1. Take the parent alkane name, drop the final "e" and add the suffix "one".
2. Use a number to indicate the location of the carbonyl group. (ex. pentan-2-one) and give the carbonyl carbon the lowest numbers possible.
Example: Draw the following molecule
2-chloro-2-methylpentanal
Example: Name the following molecule
nonan-4-one
Name the following molecule
Mark Yourself Question
- Grab a piece of paper and try this problem yourself.
- When you're done, check the "I have answered this question" box below.
- View the solution and report whether you got it right or wrong.
Draw the correct structural or line formula for the following molecule:
4,4-diethylheptane-2,3-dione