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Acyl Halides
Acyl halides are the most reactive of all the acid derivatives which means they can be used to synthesize all others! Acyl halides are easily synthesized using thionyl chloride (SOCl2, most common) or PCl3 or PCl5.
Wize Tip
Knowing how to make an acyl halide from a carboxylic acid is very useful! Make sure you know the reagents to do so.
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Example: Acyl Halides
Predict all products of the following reactions between different nucleophiles and acyl halides.
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Example: Acyl Halides
The synthesis of amides from acyl halides requires an excess of base. Using the reaction below:
- draw the mechanism in full
- explain the role of the extra base, using this mechanism
