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NMR Theory
NMR spectroscopy is the most informative spectroscopic technique. There are multiple kinds of NMR spectroscopy, but the organic chemist focuses on two types - 1H NMR and 13C NMR. NMR works by subjecting a spin active nucleus to an external magnetic field - this is how we get information!
NMR is an incredibly complex subject and it is not necessary for you to know everything! But, there are a few key ideas you should be comfortable with:
- the hydrogen nucleus is almost 100 % abundant and is therefore very sensitive
- 1H NMR spectra are run in deuterated solvent so that the solvent signal doesn't "swamp out" the sample signal
- the carbon nucleus is only 1% abundant meaning it is not sensitive at all. This means this experiment needs to be run for a long time
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Example: Intro to NMR
Which proton will have a more downfield NMR shift in each pair?
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Example: Intro to NMR
Which carbon will have the lowest ppm (i.e., the most upfield signal) value in each pair?
