Wize University Organic Chemistry Textbook > The Basics (Lewis Structures, Bonding, VSEPR)
Delocalization in Bonding
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Bonding in Delocalized Systems
A delocalized system is one where lone pairs and/or double/triple bonds can be "localized" over more than one location.
Let's look at the π-bonding in hexatriene (C6H8) shown below. The optimum geometry and orbital overlap has all the p orbitals aligned. We can depict this visually:
Resonance
A resonance structure is one in which you can depict molecules with two or more structures. These structures will have delocalized bonds and are indicated by a double headed arrow.
Watch Out!
You should never break a sigma bond in a resonance structure!
Example: draw a resonance structure of the molecule below
Wize Tip
Watch out for dotted lines in bonds - these indicate "partial" bonds and are found with resonance structures and delocalized bonds.
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Example: Resonance Structures
Provide all appropriate resonance structures for the following compounds. Ensure you are providing formal charges, where necessary.
