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Reasoning
Reasoning - organizing information and beliefs into a series of steps in order to reach conclusions
Belief bias - our judgments about conclusions depend more on how believable the conclusions are than whether they are logically valid
Illusory truth effect - repeated exposure to a statement increases the likelihood that we will judge it to be truthful
Deductive reasoning - reasoning from general principles to a conclusion about a specific case
- Basis of math and formal logic
- Conclusion cannot be false if the factual statements (premises) are true
- Example - the sun is a star, the sun has planets, therefore some stars have planets
Inductive reasoning - start with specific facts and try to develop a general principle
- Used to discover general principles from combined observations
- Leads to probabilities rather than absolute truths
- Example - studying the traffic patterns to be able to predict when to leave for class
Deductive reasoning is reasoning from ______________ while inductive reasoning is reasoning from _______________.