Wize University Psychology Textbook > Development
Social & Personality Development
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Social & Personality Development
Emotions & Emotion Regulation
Social referencing - infants look to their parents for feedback on new situations
Children use the emotions of others as feedback to guide their own behaviour
Emotion regulation - process of evaluating and modifying our emotional reactions and responses. Increases with age
Emotional development is influenced by social interactions as well as temperament - biologically-based, general way of responding to situations
Temperament is classified into three groups:
- Easy infants - calm, playful, eat and sleep on schedule, adapt quickly to new situations
- Difficult infants - irritable, fussy sleepers and eaters, react poorly to new situations
- Slow to warm up infants - mild negative response to new situations, but adapt over time
Behavioural inhibition - temperament style based on responses to unfamiliar situations
- Inhibited infants are quiet, timid, and withdraw in unfamiliar situations
- Uninhibited infants are more vocal, outgoing, and sociable
- Predictive of childhood behaviour only for the most highly inhibited or uninhibited
Personality shaped by goodness of fit between temperament and environment
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
Development is a series of crises - each one must be resolved to successfully move on to the next stage
Practice: Social & Personality Development
The crisis occurring in the first year, according to Erikson, is one involving;
Practice: Social & Personality Development
Elizabeth is struggling in adulthood to find happiness within herself, she struggles with intimacy but constantly feels isolated. This is a completely normal challenge of development, according to which theorist?