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Which of the following best describes how a chromosome is able to “repair itsel…

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Wize Grade 12 Biology Textbook > The Cell Cycle [AB]

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Wize University Biology Textbook > Meiosis

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Which of the following best describes how a chromosome is able to “repair itself”?
More The Cell Cycle Questions:
A mouse has 20 pairs of chromosomes. How many individual sister chromatids would a mouse cell have at metaphase?
A mouse has 20 pairs of chromosomes. How many individual sister chromatids would a mouse cell have at metaphase?
Cell Cycle
The frog species Xenopus laveis has four copies of its genome in every somatic cell. What are the coefficients of n and C, respectively, of a Xenopus cell before S phase and after S phase? (Listed as: n, C (before) : n, C (after))
You observe 16 centromeres in a cell under a microscope during interphase, how many chromosomes does the organism have?
During mitosis, all of the following occur except:
A cell that contains 8 chromosomes at G1 will have how many chromosomes at anaphase?
A cell that contains 24 sister chromatids in prophase would contain how many chromosomes at interphase of the next cell cycle?
Which of the following definitions is incorrect?
Cell cycle practice problem 2
A cell is 2n=82n=8and has the genotype a2/a2, b1/b2, c1/c2, d2/d2. Draw the cell:
a) in "G1 phase"
b) At "metaphase"
Which of the following would you make a fluorescent tag for if you wanted to take a fluorescent image of the contractile ring during cytokinesis?
You tag guanines with fluorescent tags and add them to the cell during S phase of the cell cycle. When you look at these chromosomes at metaphase of mitosis using a fluorescent microscope, where on the sister chromosomes would you find fluorescent signal?
If you were to look at a dividing somatic cell in prometaphase under a microscope, what
structures could you see clearly given that you would be able to see all structures of the
cell without an appropriate stain?
You tag guanines with a fluorescent tag and add it to the cell during S phase of the cell cycle. When you look at these chromosomes at metaphase of mitosis using a fluorescent microscope, where on the sister chromosomes would find fluorescent signal?
Which of the following statements regarding the life cycle of plants is correct?
Given no errors in replication or chromosome segregation, all gametophytes will have the same genotype
A sporophyte at the end of S phase will be 4C
From Term Test 2 Prep: An animal cell is 3n and 6C at prophase. What are the n and C-values of this cell in G1?
An animal cell is tetraploid (4n) and is going through the cell cycle. What are the n- and C-values of this cell at G2 of the cell cycle?
From Term Test 1 Prep: A mouse has 20 pairs of chromosomes. How many individual sister chromatids would a mouse cell have at metaphase?
If you treated a cell with a chemical that inhibits helicase, would happen to the replication bubble during S phase of the cell cycle?
Cell Cycle
The frog species Xenopus laveis has four copies of its genome in every somatic cell. What are the coefficients of n and C, respectively, of a Xenopus cell before S phase and after S phase? (Listed as: n, C (before) : n, C (after))
Cell Cycle
The following diagram shows a normal gamete with 3 chromosomes being fertilized by an abnormal gamete. What would be the C-value coefficient of this zygote in G2 of the cell cycle?
Where can DNA replication occur outside of a cell’s S-phase?
Practice: Mitosis 1
A cell has 10 chromosomes in G1 phase. After prometaphase, how many duplicated chromosomes are present?
Practice: Cell Cycle 2
A cell is 2n=82n=8and has the genotype a2/a2, b1/b2, c1/c2, d2/d2. Draw the cell:
a) in "G1 phase"
b) At "metaphase"
More Genetic Linkage Questions:
A scientist is studying two traits in a type of seeds: texture and color. Smooth texture (S) is dominant to wrinkled texture (s), and Yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y).
A (SsYy) and a (ssyy) plants mate and produce the following offspring:
Smooth and Yellow = 345
True or False?
If an allele becomes fixed, there is no opportunity for genetic variation to exist at that locus anymore.
A fly which has the genotype AaBb is cross with a fly that is homozygous recessive. The following offspring are obtained:
AaBb: 953 aabb: 910 Aabb: 200 aaBb: 192 a) Are these genes linked?
b) What is the recombination frequency? (one decimal place)
A fly which has the genotype AaBb is cross with a fly that is homozygous recessive. The following offspring are obtained:
AaBb: 953 aabb: 910 Aabb: 200 aaBb: 192 a) Are these genes linked?
b) What is the recombination frequency? (one decimal place)
Practice: Recombination
A fly which has the genotype AaBb is cross with a fly that is homozygous recessive. The following offspring are obtained:
AaBb: 953 aabb: 910 Aabb: 200 aaBb: 192 a) Are these genes linked?
b) What is the recombination frequency? (one decimal place)
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
What phenomenon causes violates of Mendel's second law?
A large population of ducks have a locus that determines the number of feathers on their tails, lots of feathers (F) is dominant to not as many feathers (f). If you observe this population and determine that the allele frequency of F=0.8 and the allele frequency of f=0.2, but there is no discernible difference in fitness between genotypes, what will be the frequency of F and f after 5 generations?
How many potential gametes can an organism with the following genotype produce:
AaBBCcDdEEFFGgHH
Imagine an organism with the genotype XXYyZz. If all three genes are on different
chromosomes, how many different combinations of alleles will be created by
independent assortment?
Below is a diagram showing three loci on a pair of homologous chromosomes.
Which of the following are the most likely gametes at these loci?
abC
You have identified 4 loci in the genome of a species of bird:
The B locus corresponds to wing colour where the colour black is dominant to brown.
The C locus corresponds to the number of feathers on the wings where lots of feathers is dominant to few feathers. But birds that are homozygous recessive at the B locus will always have few feathers.
Below is a diagram showing four different loci on homologous pairs.
Which of the following are the LEAST likely gametes of this individual at these loci?
ABcD
Practice: Genes
Suppose we are investigating three genes, A, B, and C. We calculated the recombination frequencies among all three possible pairs of genes (AC, AB, BC) and they were:
A-B: 14.1%
B-C: 7.5%
Practice: Genotypes
A fly which has the genotype AaBb is cross with a fly that is homozygous recessive. The following offspring are obtained:
AaBb: 953 aabb: 910 Aabb: 200 aaBb: 192 a) Are these genes linked?
b) What is the recombination frequency? (one decimal place)
A series of fruit fly matings shows that the recombination frequency between the gene for wing size and the gene for antenna length is 5% (i.e. the genetic distance between them is 5 centimorgans). List all possible recombination frequencies between the gene for color and the gene for antenna length.
A scientist is studying two traits in a type of seeds: texture and color. Smooth texture (S) is dominant to wrinkled texture (s), and Yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y).
A (SsYy) and a (ssyy) plants mate and produce the following offspring:
Smooth and Yellow = 345
Genes A, B, C, and D are located on the same chromosome. The distances between the genes are below:
D-A = 11
D-B = 7
Meiosis practice problem 1
What are the genotypes of the possible daughter cells that would result from the double crossover shown below?
A cross is made between two E. coli strains: Hfr arg+ bio+ leu+ X F- arg- bio-leu-. Interrupted-mating studies show that arg+ enters the recipient last, and so recombinants are selected on a medium containing bio and leu only. These recombinants are tested for the presence of bio+ and leu+. The following numbers of individuals are found for each genotype:
arg+ bio+ leu+ 320
arg+ bio+ leu- 8
More Meiosis I Questions:
Which of the following is present in meiosis, but not mitosis?
At the end of meiosis the number of chromosome in daughter cells is ___ compared to the parent cell.
Meiosis
Pairs of homologous chromosome move to the equator of the cell during
Meisois
At the end of meiosis II you get four daughter cells. These daughter cells are
haploid
Crossing over
Crossing over occurs in which phase of meiosis?
Complete the following table:
Which of the following describes a newly fertilized human zygote?
Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is true?
During what stage do homologous chromosomes separate?
Which of the following definitions is incorrect?
Which of the following is not a method for enhancing genetic diversity?
During what stage do homologous chromosomes separate?
Practice: Crossover
What are the genotypes of the possible daughter cells that would result from the single crossover shown below?
Select all that apply.
Which of the following describes the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
1. Mitosis occurs in autosomal cells while meiosis in gamete cells
2. Mitosis involves undergoing cell division twice
Practice: Meiosis
Place the following stages of meiosis in order in which they occur.
In which of the following groups would you find meiosis?
1. Humans
2. Photosynthetic cyanobacteria
Which of the following is present in meiosis, but not mitosis?
Capsella bursa-pastoria and Capsella grandiflora are two very closely related species. Flow cytometry analysis shows that somatic cells in G1 phase of C. bursa-pastoria cells contain a 0.80 pg of DNA, while C. grandiflora has 0.44 pg.
What does this suggest about the ploidy of these two species?
What would the C-value of these two species be?
Practice: Meiosis (Non-disjunction vs. Mis-division)
Julia has triple X syndrome, meaning she has three X chromosomes. On one X she has an SNP that she shares with her paternal grandmother, one has an SNP that she shares with her maternal grandfather. When did this aneuploidy happen to cause Julia to have this syndrome?
Meiosis I in the mother
Meiosis I in the father
What are the major sources of genetic variation resulting from sexual reproduction?
i. Recombination during prophase I
ii. Recombination during prophase II
Two-toed sloths have a chromosome number 2n=50. How many chromatids would be found at the start of prophase II, and immediately at the end of meiosis II?
If you overheard someone in your biology class say that “plants are haploid and make gametes by mitosis, while animals are diploid and make gametes by meiosis”, would you agree or disagree with this statement, and why?
Drosophila have a red versus white eye color gene that is sex linked. A white-eyed female mates with a red-eyed male giving a red-eyed female offspring with the genotype XXY. Where was the mistake in meiosis?
Which of the following is the most likely to give rise to Copy Number Variations?
Imagine an alien from a distant planet that has 70 pairs of chromosomes. This alien has a mother with a serious mutation on chromosome 67. This alien, however, does not carry this deleterious allele on chromosome 67. Which of the following best describes how this chromosome was able to “repair itself”?
Anna has an extra chromosome 12. Of her three chromosome 12’s she shares an SNP
that is found on one of her mother’s chromosome 12’s. If Anna’s aneuploidy is due to a
single mistake in meiosis, which of the following steps of meiosis did the mistake occur?
What are the major sources of genetic variation resulting from sexual reproduction?
i. Recombination during prophase I
ii. Recombination during prophase II
Two-toed sloths have a chromosome number 2n=50. How many chromatids would be
found at the start of prophase II, and immediately at the end of meiosis II?
If you overheard someone in your biology class say that “plants are haploid and make
gametes by mitosis, while animals are diploid and make gametes by meiosis”, would you
agree or disagree with this statement, and why?
An alien from a distant planet has 70 pairs of chromosomes. How many individual
chromatids would a single cell undergoing meiosis have at metaphase II?
Individuals with Down’s syndrome have a trisomy of chromosome 21 that arose from a single error in meiosis. Imagine a child, Bella, who has parents with normal karyotypes. Only 1 of Bella’s chromosomes carries the same SNP as is found in her father. Which of the follow stages of meiosis could this error have occurred?
Meiosis I in the mother
Meiosis I in the father
Practice: Meiosis (n and C-values)
The frog species Xenopus tropicalis has 10 chromosomes and this species is viable with 4 copies of its genome. An individual with four copies of its genome would have what ploidy and what C-value coefficents at anaphase II of meiosis?
What are the two phases of meiosis that are the source of most of the variation in the four resulting daughter cells?
Which of the following is a source of genetic variability?
What do chiasmata indicate?
During what stage do homologous chromosomes separate?
Which of the following definitions is incorrect?
Which of the following is not a method for enhancing genetic diversity?
Which of the following is present in meiosis, but not mitosis?
Which of the following is the physical basis for Mendel's principle of segregation?
Practice: Meiosis I
What do chiasmata indicate?
Meiosis practice problem 1
What are the genotypes of the possible daughter cells that would result from the double crossover shown below?
In what stage of meiosis does independent assortment of chromosomes occur?
An alien from a distant planet has 70 pairs of chromosomes. How many individual
chromatids would a single cell undergoing meiosis have at metaphase II?
During what stage do homologous chromosomes line up beside each other?
Which of the following is present in meiosis, but not mitosis?