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Consider the 5' and 3' designations: i. They must be on the same ends for two D…

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Wize University Biology Textbook > DNA Replication & Repair

DNA Structure and Sequence

3 Activities

Wize University Biology Textbook > DNA Replication & Repair

In vivo DNA Replication

5 Activities

Consider the 5' and 3' designations:

i. They must be on the same ends for two DNA strands in a helix (parallel)
ii. They must be on opposite ends for two DNA strands in a helix (antiparallel)
iii. Nucleotides are added to the 5’ end of a growing nucleic acid molecule
iv. Nucleotides are added to the 3’ end of a growing nucleic acid molecule
v. Refer to the carbon number on the sugar molecule
More DNA Structure and Sequence Questions:
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complimentary to the following strand of DNA – 3’ TAGCTACGTTAT 5’?
The genome of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains 65.6% GC base pairs. What percentage of the genome is made up of purines?
A nucleic acid was analyzed and found to contain 32% A, 18% G, 17% C, and 33% T. The nucleic acid must be:
i. Single-stranded
ii. Double-stranded
Practice: Denaturation
You are analyzing two separate DNA sequences that are approximately equal in length. You find that Sequence 1 has a G-C content of 45%. Sequence 2 has a G-C content of 52%. Which DNA sequence do you expect to have a higher denaturation temperature? Why?
The percent of cytosine in a double-stranded DNA is 21. What is the percent of thymine in that DNA?
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complimentary to the following single-stranded DNA molecule? Write it in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
5'-GGATCTGCTATG-3'
The genome of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains 65.6% GC base pairs. What percentage of the genome is made up of purines?
The percent of cytosine in a single-stranded DNA is 21. What is the percent of thymine in that DNA?
For double stranded DNA, consider the following ratios:
I. A/G
II. C/T
A nucleic acid was analyzed and found to contain 32% A, 18% G, 17% C, and 33% T. The nucleic acid must be:
i. Single-stranded
ii. Double-stranded
You collect a double stranded DNA sample that happens to be 30% adenine. What percent will be cytosine?
Practice: 32P Culture
You are growing a cell culture in radioactive Phosphorus (32P) what molecules will be radioactive?
Select all that apply, answer may or may not involve multiple chapters.
This type of bond holds together complementary strand of DNA. Answer is one word
Nucleotides are joined together to form long chains though a ___ reaction to form a ____ bond
Practice: Meiosis (Telomeres)
A hedgehog has a diploid number of 48 chromosomes. How many telomeres would you find in a a hegdehog gamete at the beginning of telophase II?
Practice: DNA
The two strands of the DNA helix are held together by _____ bonds while the sugar-phosphate backbone is linked by _______ bonds.
The 5' end of the DNA helix ends with ______ while the 3' end of the helix ends with ______.
Transcription
Label the following statements as true or false
A. When RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in to RNA, the RNA is an exact copy of the DNA stand being transcribed.
B. Uracil complements with adenine in RNA.
DNA structure
Label the following statements as True or False
A. The 3' end of a DNA strand ends in an OH group
B. If the percentage of pyrimidines in a DNA strand is 40% then purines will occur at 60%
You are growing a population of bacteria in normal bacterial culture. You then decide to introduce adenines into the cells that are covalently bonded to a fluorescent tag. After 2 rounds of replication in these cells, where would you find the fluorescent signal?
Which of the following is not a component of RNA?
Which of the following stabilizes the DNA helix?
To generate a DNA polymer, where is the bond created?
What DNA base is replaced by uracil in RNA?
Which of the following is false regarding DNA?
Which of the following is incorrect regarding DNA?
What DNA nucleotide does uracil replace in RNA?
What nucleotide pairs with cytosine in a DNA helix?
What makes up the backbone of a DNA strand?
Which of the following is incorrect regarding DNA?
Practice: Denaturation
You are analyzing two separate DNA sequences that are approximately equal in length. You find that Sequence 1 has a G-C content of 45%. Sequence 2 has a G-C content of 52%. Which DNA sequence do you expect to have a higher denaturation temperature? Why?
You are analyzing the genome of a certain organism and find that it is made up of 34% thymine bases. Therefore, you reason there must be
16
% guanine bases.
Nucleic Acid -BIOl200
You are analyzing a double stranded DNA sequence that is 80 base pairs long. The DNA has 45 thymine (T) bases. How many cytosine (C) bases are present in this DNA structure?
Use the codon dictionary below to complete the following table. Assume that reading is from left to right and that the columns represent transcriptional and translational alignments.
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complimentary to the following strand of DNA – 3’ TAGCTACGTTAT 5’?
The percent of cytosine in a double-stranded DNA is 21. What is the percent of thymine in that DNA?
Which pairings of nitrogenous bases are correct?
i. Adenine and uracil
ii. Adenine and guanine
Practice: Nucleic Acid
A nucleic acid was analyzed and found to contain 32% A, 18% G, 17% C, and 33% T. The nucleic acid must be:
i. Single-stranded
ii. Double-stranded
Practice: Nitrogenous Bases
Which pairings of nitrogenous bases are wrong?
i. Adenine and uracil
ii. Adenine and guanine
Practice: Complimentary Strand
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complimentary to the following single-stranded DNA molecule? Write it in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
5'-TCATTGCGGA-3'
Strands that make up DNA are antiparallel, this means:
DNA replication in S phase can be observed using nucleotides that have been tagged with a radioactive or fluorescent label. Why would you need to be careful when choosing which nucleotide to label?
Write a point form essay outline for the following prompt:
The central dogma of molecular biology is that DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated into protein. As such, when we think of DNA, we often picture transcriptionally active euchromatin. However, approx. 10% of interphase DNA in eukaryotes is organized as transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin. Explain the importance of heterochromatin.
Thesis statement:
More In vivo DNA Replication Questions:
What is the best definition of the nature of DNA replication?
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complimentary to the following strand of DNA – 3’ TAGCTACGTTAT 5’?
Practice: 5-bromo-uracil Causing an SNP
You decide to incubate your cells with the mutagen 5-bromo-uracil for 2 rounds of replication. Which of the following sequences are the correct sequence change after 2 rounds of replication in the presence of 5-bromo-uracil if your starting sequence is CGTCAG?
Practice: DNA Replication
Which of the following acts first during DNA replication?
DNA replication
What is the role of primase during DNA replication? How does the role of primase differ on the leading strand vs. the lagging strand?
DNA Replication
What prevents super coiling of DNA during DNA replication?
Practice: 5-bromo-uracil Causing an SNP
You decide to incubate your cells with the mutagen 5-bromo-uracil for 2 rounds of replication. Which of the following sequences are the correct sequence change after 1 more round of replication in the presence of 5-bromo-uracil if your starting sequence is CGTCAG?
Practice: DNA Replication
Which of the following acts first during DNA replication?
Practice: DNA Replication
Which of the following acts first during DNA replication?
DNA Replication
Which of the following proteins can extend the 5' end of a DNA strand?
1. DNA polymerase III
2. Ligase
DNA Replication
RNA primers are used by the cell during DNA replication. If you were to look at the nucleotide sequence of all of the RNA primers used during DNA replication, how would they compare?
DNA Replication
RNA primers are used by the cell during DNA replication. If you were to look at the nucleotide sequence of all of the RNA primers used during DNA replication, how would they compare?
DNA Replication
RNA primers are used by the cell during DNA replication. If you were to look at the nucleotide sequence of all of the RNA primers used during DNA replication, how would they compare?
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complimentary to the following single-stranded DNA molecule? Write it in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
5'-GGATCTGCTATG-3'
What direction are nucleic acids written in?
Genome
A diploid cell that is 2n = 4 receives a2, b2, and c2 alleles from one parent, and a1, b2, and c2 alleles from the other parent. Alleles a and b are on the same chromosome, while allele c is on another one.
Draw the resulting cell after DNA replication.
"___________" synthesizes DNA until it hits the primer of the next "_________" fragment
Describe DNA replication on the lagging strand in detail (after DNA helicase has unwound the double-stranded DNA). Be sure to include key proteins/enzymes as well as their functions.
Which of the following relieves torsional tension during DNA replication
You are preforming an experiment to determine the way a mysterious life form replicates its DNA. [The DNA contains the same bases]. You grow this life form up in heavy Nitrogen (15N) and then transfer that into a broth (food for the life form) to light (14N) nitrogen. The zero generation has 100% Heavy-Heavy strands. The next generation has 50% Heavy-Heavy strands and 50% light-light strands. The generation after contains 25% Heavy-Heavy strands and 75% light-light strands.
What type of DNA replication is occurring?
DNA replication
What is the role of primase?
DNA replication
Once DNA has separated _____ attaches to them.
DNA replication
DNA synthesis always occurs in the _______ direction
Cell cycle practice problem 1
A scientist grows some cells in a medium containing radioactive nucleotides, so all of the DNA within the cells are radioactive. She then transfers the cells to a medium containing normal nucleotides, and allows them to divide. If a cell undergoes one round of mitosis, what percentage of the daughter cells' DNA will be radioactive?
Cats have 19 chromosomes and are diploid. How many strands of DNA are there in a non-dividing cat skin cell?
Practice: semi-conservative DNA replication
A cell is grown in a solution containing radioactive nucleotides, so that its DNA is labeled with radioactivity. It is removed from the radioactive solution and grown in normal medium, so that any new DNA strands it makes will not be radioactive. In the normal medium, the cell replicates its DNA and divides. The two daughter cells also replicate their DNA and divide, producing a total of four cells. If a dotted line represents a radioactive DNA strand, which of
the following depicts the DNA of the four cells?
Practice: Cell Cycle1
A scientist grows some cells in a medium containing radioactive nucleotides, so all of the DNA within the cells are radioactive. She then transfers the cells to a medium containing normal nucleotides and allows them to divide. If a cell undergoes one round of mitosis, what percentage of the daughter cells' DNA will be radioactive?
Is it possible for a gene to be coded for within an intron of another gene?
DNA Structure
Which of the following enzymes is classified as a phosphodiesterase?
1. Topoisomerase
2. Primase
Practice: Location of the leading strand
The image below shows primers in a replication bubble where the bottom strand from left to right reads 3' to 5'. Which of the following is true regarding the strand placement of the primers:
DNA Replication
Which of the following proteins can extend the 5' end of a DNA strand?
1. DNA polymerase III
2. Ligase
DNA Replication
RNA primers are used by the cell during DNA replication. If you were to look at the nucleotide sequence of all of the RNA primers used during DNA replication, how would they compare?
DNA Replication
You have a culture of human cells in a dish. You have been growing these cells in normal media, but now you decide to add a fluorescently labelled adenosine to the culture media. The doubling time of your plate is about 8 hours, and after 8 hours you want to know where the fluorescently labelled adenosine has been incorporated. Which of the following is correct?
Two scientists named Meselson and Stahl performed an experiment with bacteria were they grew bacteria in 15N containing media. They then cultured these bacteria in 14N only containing media for two replication cycles. They extract DNA after each replication cycle and used a centrifuge to determine the density of the DNA. The results are shown below. If they were to perform this same experiment and collect after three replication cycles, what would the DNA density look like?
If you block the activity of DNA polymerase III, which of the following would be affected?
If thymine in the following sequence: ATGAG, undergoes a tautomeric shift, which of the following represent correct sequence after 2 rounds of replication?
You are growing a population of bacteria in normal bacterial culture. You then decide to introduce adenines into the cells that are covalently bonded to a fluorescent tag. After 2 rounds of replication in these cells, where would you find the fluorescent signal?
DNA replication naturally occurs in the structure of a replication bubble. Which of the following statements are true regarding the structure of components of this bubble?
The top strand of the replication bubble contains both a leading and lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA
Topoisomerase opens the DNA strand at the origin of replication
Which of the following would not be classified as a phosphodiesterase?
i. Primase
ii. Topoisomerase
The ends of chromosomes are elongated by telomerase. Which of the following proteins is also involved in ensuring the inheritance of sameness at the ends of chromosomes?
i. DNA polymerase III
ii. Primase
Which of the follow reasons best describes the high fidelity of DNA replication?
The replication bubble below has a top strand going from 5’ to 3’. If the origin of replication is at the arrow which direction (left or right) is DNA polymerase going to extend each of these RNA primers?
The replication bubble to the left has a top strand going from 5’→\rightarrow3’. If the origin of replication is at the arrow which direction (left or right) is DNA polymerase going to extend each of these RNA primers?
Which of the follow reasons best describes the high fidelity of DNA replication?
The ends of chromosomes are elongated by telomerase. Which of the following proteins
is also involved in ensuring the inheritance of sameness of the ends of chromosomes?
i. DNA polymerase III
DNA replication naturally occurs in the structure of a replication bubble. Which of the
following statements is true regarding the structure of components of this bubble?
i. The top strand of the replication bubble contains both a leading and
Which of the following would not be classified as a phosphodiesterase?
i. Primase
ii. Topoisomerase
What is the role of single stranded binding proteins in DNA replication?
From Term Test 2 Prep: Which of the following is the correct completion of this replication bubble?
What makes DNA replication semi-conservative?
If you treated a cell with a chemical that inhibits helicase, would happen to the replication bubble during S phase of the cell cycle?
Practice: 5-bromo-uracil Causing an SNP
You decide to incubate your cells with the mutagen 5-bromo-uracil for 2 rounds of replication. Which of the following sequences are the correct sequence change after 2 rounds of replication in the presence of 5-bromo-uracil if your starting sequence is CGTCAG?
What is the function of DNA polymerase I?
How are new nucleotides added to a growing DNA strand?
Which of the following acts first during DNA replication?
What is the function of primase in DNA replication?
Which of the following best describes DNA synthesis of Okazaki fragments?
What is the function of topoisomerase and where does it function?
Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?
What is the function of DNA polymerase III?
What are Okazaki fragments?
Match the following enzymes with their function.
Which of the following is true in regards to DNA replication?
DNA replication
What is the role of primase during DNA replication? How does the role of primase differ on the leading strand vs. the lagging strand?
Meselson-Stahl Experiment
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding DNA replication?
Practice: DNA Replication
On the leading strand of the replication fork, new DNA synthesis occurs:
You culture bacteria in media containing fluorescently tagged guanine. After a single
round of replication where would the fluorescently tagged guanine be? Draw circles on
the double stranded pieces of DNA below.
The Y shaped structure where the DNA double helix is unwound during DNA replication is called
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complimentary to the following strand of DNA – 3’ TAGCTACGTTAT 5’?
DNA replication naturally occurs in the structure of a replication bubble. Which of the following statements are true regarding the structure of components of this bubble?
i. The top strand of the replication bubble contains both a leading and
lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA
DNA synthesis is semi-conservative, which means what?
A double stranded DNA molecule has the following sequence on the one strand. 5’ AAAAAAAAAAAA 3’
You incubate this DNA in a solution of radioactively labelled dATP and allow DNA replication to occur. Will both daughter strands be radioactive, yes or no?
During DNA replication, new nucleotides are added:
Practice: Cell Cycle 1
A scientist grows some cells in a medium containing radioactive nucleotides, so all of the DNA within the cells are radioactive. She then transfers the cells to a medium containing normal nucleotides, and allows them to divide. If a cell undergoes one round of mitosis, what percentage of the daughter cells' DNA will be radioactive?
Practice: DNA Replication
Which of the following acts first during DNA replication?
Origin of Replication
DNA gets replicated at origin of replications. What is the name of the the prokaryotic origin of replication? the Eukaryotic?
DNA replication
Which protein in the replication fork prevents the separated DNA strands reforming the double helix?
DNA Ligase
What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?
DNA Replication
What hold the DNA polymerase to the DNA strand it is replicating?
DNA Polymerase
What is the role of DNA polymerase I in prokaryotic DNA replication?
Explain why there is a leading strand and a lagging strand during DNA replication.
DNA Replication
What prevents super coiling of DNA during DNA replication?