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DNA replication in S phase can be observed using nucleotides that have been tag…

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Wize University Biology Textbook > The Cell Cycle

The Cell Cycle

2 Activities

Wize University Biology Textbook > DNA Replication & Repair

DNA Structure and Sequence

3 Activities

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DNA replication in S phase can be observed using nucleotides that have been tagged with a radioactive or fluorescent label. Why would you need to be careful when choosing which nucleotide to label?
More The Cell Cycle Questions:
Complete the following table:
In which of the following phases is DNA replicated?
For G1 phase, the checkpoint requires that
For G2 phase, the checkpoint requires that
Phase
DNA is replicated during _______ phase
Cells prepare for division in the ___ phase
In which phase do chromosomes become fully condensed?
What are the two major phases of the cell cycle?
Which of the following can be found in diploid cells in G1 phase?
Cats are 2n=382n=38. A somatic cat cell stuck in G2 phase would have how many chromatids?
Practice: Cell Cycle
Draw a somatic cell that is n=5 in G1 phase and G2 phase.
If a cell contained 4 chromosomes during prophase, how many chromosomes and chromatids would it have during prometaphase?
How can FACs be used to quantify the amount of cells in different phases of the cell cycle?
A fluorescent dye that binds to DNA is added to a population of proliferating cells. The amount of fluorescence is directly proportional to the amount of DNA found in each cell. The following graph is generated:
Indicate on the graph where cells in each phase of the cell cycle (G1,S,G2,M)(G_1,S,G_2,M) are represented
Which of the following statements are CORRECT?
1. Mitotic events can be observed with a light microscope
2. Sister chromatids are generated during prophase
Practice: Mitosis
Complete the following table based on a cell that is 2n=12
Practice: Cell Cycle 2
A cell is 2n=82n=8and has the genotype a2/a2, b1/b2, c1/c2, d2/d2. Draw the cell:
a) in "G1 phase"
b) At "metaphase"
Practice: Genome 2
A diploid cell that is 2n = 4 receives a2, b2, and c2 alleles from one parent, and a1, b2, and c2 alleles from the other parent. Alleles a and b are on the same chromosome, while allele c is on another one. Draw the resulting cell after DNA replication (after S phase).
Practice: Genome 1
A haploid cell has the genetic formula n=8n=8. Draw how the cell would look after DNA replication (after S phase).
C-values
A somatic cell in G2 of the cell cycle has a c-value of 20pg.
What is the content in pg of the same cell in G1 phase of the cell cycle?
What is the c-value in pg of the species that this cell came from?
Capsella bursa-pastoria and Capsella grandiflora are two very closely related species. Flow cytometry analysis shows that somatic cells in G1 phase of C. bursa-pastoria cells contain a 0.80 pg of DNA, while C. grandiflora has 0.44 pg.
What does this suggest about the ploidy of these two species?
What would the C-value of these two species be?
Cell cycle
In order, what are the phases of the Mitotic (M) phase of the cell cycle?
Cell cycle
In order, what are the phases of of interphase?
Genes & Alleles
Consider a wheat variety with a karyotype n=5 and 4n= 20.
What ploidy is this wheat variety?
How many different alleles of a gene can you find in an individual of this wheat?
If you were to look at a dividing somatic cell in prometaphase under a microscope, what structures could you see clearly given that you would be able to see all structures of the cell without an appropriate stain?
i. Condensed chrosmosomes
ii. A single centrosome
A cell that contains 24 sister chromatids in prophase would contain how many chromosomes at G1 of the next cell cycle?
A cell that contains 8 chromosomes at G1 will have how many chromosomes after anaphase?
When does DNA duplication occur?
Which of the following statements are CORRECT?
1. Mitotic events can be observed with a light microscope
2. Sister chromatids are generated during prophase
How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in the G2 stage of the cell cycle?
Which of the following can be found in diploid cells in G1 phase?
A human gamete stuck in G1 phase would have how many chromosomes?
The role of the G1 checkpoint is:
At what phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope first fragment?
A human somatic cell stuck in G2 phase would have how many pairs of sister chromatids?
A fluorescent dye that binds to DNA is added to a population of proliferating cells. The amount of fluorescence is directly proportional to the amount of DNA found in each cell. The following graph is generated:
Indicate on the graph where cells in each phase of the cell cycle (G1,S,G2,M)(G_1,S,G_2,M) are represented
A centromere joins a pair of
Practice Problem 4
Describe the forms that chromatin can take in the interphase nucleus.
More DNA Structure and Sequence Questions:
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complimentary to the following strand of DNA – 3’ TAGCTACGTTAT 5’?
The genome of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains 65.6% GC base pairs. What percentage of the genome is made up of purines?
A nucleic acid was analyzed and found to contain 32% A, 18% G, 17% C, and 33% T. The nucleic acid must be:
i. Single-stranded
ii. Double-stranded
Practice: Denaturation
You are analyzing two separate DNA sequences that are approximately equal in length. You find that Sequence 1 has a G-C content of 45%. Sequence 2 has a G-C content of 52%. Which DNA sequence do you expect to have a higher denaturation temperature? Why?
The percent of cytosine in a double-stranded DNA is 21. What is the percent of thymine in that DNA?
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complimentary to the following single-stranded DNA molecule? Write it in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
5'-GGATCTGCTATG-3'
Consider the 5' and 3' designations:
i. They must be on the same ends for two DNA strands in a helix (parallel)
ii. They must be on opposite ends for two DNA strands in a helix (antiparallel)
The genome of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains 65.6% GC base pairs. What percentage of the genome is made up of purines?
The percent of cytosine in a single-stranded DNA is 21. What is the percent of thymine in that DNA?
For double stranded DNA, consider the following ratios:
I. A/G
II. C/T
A nucleic acid was analyzed and found to contain 32% A, 18% G, 17% C, and 33% T. The nucleic acid must be:
i. Single-stranded
ii. Double-stranded
You collect a double stranded DNA sample that happens to be 30% adenine. What percent will be cytosine?
Practice: 32P Culture
You are growing a cell culture in radioactive Phosphorus (32P) what molecules will be radioactive?
Select all that apply, answer may or may not involve multiple chapters.
This type of bond holds together complementary strand of DNA. Answer is one word
Nucleotides are joined together to form long chains though a ___ reaction to form a ____ bond
Practice: Meiosis (Telomeres)
A hedgehog has a diploid number of 48 chromosomes. How many telomeres would you find in a a hegdehog gamete at the beginning of telophase II?
Practice: DNA
The two strands of the DNA helix are held together by _____ bonds while the sugar-phosphate backbone is linked by _______ bonds.
The 5' end of the DNA helix ends with ______ while the 3' end of the helix ends with ______.
Transcription
Label the following statements as true or false
A. When RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in to RNA, the RNA is an exact copy of the DNA stand being transcribed.
B. Uracil complements with adenine in RNA.
DNA structure
Label the following statements as True or False
A. The 3' end of a DNA strand ends in an OH group
B. If the percentage of pyrimidines in a DNA strand is 40% then purines will occur at 60%
You are growing a population of bacteria in normal bacterial culture. You then decide to introduce adenines into the cells that are covalently bonded to a fluorescent tag. After 2 rounds of replication in these cells, where would you find the fluorescent signal?
Which of the following is not a component of RNA?
Which of the following stabilizes the DNA helix?
To generate a DNA polymer, where is the bond created?
What DNA base is replaced by uracil in RNA?
Which of the following is false regarding DNA?
Which of the following is incorrect regarding DNA?
What DNA nucleotide does uracil replace in RNA?
What nucleotide pairs with cytosine in a DNA helix?
What makes up the backbone of a DNA strand?
Which of the following is incorrect regarding DNA?
Practice: Denaturation
You are analyzing two separate DNA sequences that are approximately equal in length. You find that Sequence 1 has a G-C content of 45%. Sequence 2 has a G-C content of 52%. Which DNA sequence do you expect to have a higher denaturation temperature? Why?
You are analyzing the genome of a certain organism and find that it is made up of 34% thymine bases. Therefore, you reason there must be
16
% guanine bases.
Nucleic Acid -BIOl200
You are analyzing a double stranded DNA sequence that is 80 base pairs long. The DNA has 45 thymine (T) bases. How many cytosine (C) bases are present in this DNA structure?
Use the codon dictionary below to complete the following table. Assume that reading is from left to right and that the columns represent transcriptional and translational alignments.
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complimentary to the following strand of DNA – 3’ TAGCTACGTTAT 5’?
The percent of cytosine in a double-stranded DNA is 21. What is the percent of thymine in that DNA?
Which pairings of nitrogenous bases are correct?
i. Adenine and uracil
ii. Adenine and guanine
Practice: Nucleic Acid
A nucleic acid was analyzed and found to contain 32% A, 18% G, 17% C, and 33% T. The nucleic acid must be:
i. Single-stranded
ii. Double-stranded
Practice: Nitrogenous Bases
Which pairings of nitrogenous bases are wrong?
i. Adenine and uracil
ii. Adenine and guanine
Practice: Complimentary Strand
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complimentary to the following single-stranded DNA molecule? Write it in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
5'-TCATTGCGGA-3'
Strands that make up DNA are antiparallel, this means:
Write a point form essay outline for the following prompt:
The central dogma of molecular biology is that DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated into protein. As such, when we think of DNA, we often picture transcriptionally active euchromatin. However, approx. 10% of interphase DNA in eukaryotes is organized as transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin. Explain the importance of heterochromatin.
Thesis statement: