Response to Signaling

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Response to Signaling 
Signaling cascades can be very complicated, similar to a Rube Goldberg machine where one event leads the next. Also like a Rube Goldberg machine, it always leads to a desired final response.


There are several different types of responses: 
Nuclear Responses 
Through signal transduction, the signal can eventually reach the nucleus. For example, a protein may become phosphorylated and when it does, it enters the nucleus. This protein can activate a transcription factor and upon phosphorylation, it may turn on or turn off specific genes by binding to DNA. 




Cytoplasmic Responses 
In the cytoplasm, the signal transduction may lead to the activation of an enzyme in the cytoplasm. The activated enzyme can then catalyze its reaction, which is the response to the signal received. 


These responses can ultimately lead to a variety of responses, such as:
Apoptosis
Changes in Cellular Metabolism
Cell Growth
Gene Expression
End of the Cascade

Which of the following is not true about responses to signaling:

A) Apoptosis is not a possible response

B) Gene expression is a possible nuclear response

C) Cell growth can be a response 

D) Both nuclear and cellular responses can lead to changes in cell metabolism

I don't know

Nuclear Responses:

A) Only result from phosphorylation cascades

B) Directly cause changes in protein function

C) Can be increases or decreases in transcription

D) Cannot affect cytoplasmic protein levels

I don't know

Wize University Biology Textbook > Cell Communication

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