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Capsella bursa-pastoria and Capsella grandiflora are two very closely related s…

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Wize University Biology Textbook > Meiosis

Meiosis II

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Wize University Biology Textbook > Meiosis

Meiosis I

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Wize University Biology Textbook > The Cell Cycle

The Cell Cycle

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Capsella bursa-pastoria and Capsella grandiflora are two very closely related species. Flow cytometry analysis shows that somatic cells in G1 phase of C. bursa-pastoria cells contain a 0.80 pg of DNA, while C. grandiflora has 0.44 pg.
What does this suggest about the ploidy of these two species?
What would the C-value of these two species be?
More Meiosis II Questions:
At the end of meiosis the number of chromosome in daughter cells is ___ compared to the parent cell.
Meisois
At the end of meiosis II you get four daughter cells. These daughter cells are
haploid
Crossing over
Crossing over occurs in which phase of meiosis?
Complete the following table:
Which of the following is FALSE regarding meiosis prophase II? Choose all that apply
Which of the following describes a newly fertilized human zygote?
Meiosis practice problem 1
What are the genotypes of the possible daughter cells that would result from the double crossover shown below?
Practice: Meiosis (Telomeres)
A hedgehog has a diploid number of 48 chromosomes. How many telomeres would you find in a a hegdehog gamete at the beginning of telophase II?
Which of the following is different between mitosis metaphase and meiosis metaphase II
Which of the following describes a cell at the end of prophase II?
During what stage do homologous chromosomes separate?
Which of the following describes the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
1. Mitosis occurs in autosomal cells while meiosis in gamete cells
2. Mitosis involves undergoing cell division twice
Practice: Meiosis
Place the following stages of meiosis in order in which they occur.
Which of the following is present in meiosis, but not mitosis?
Practice: Meiosis (Non-disjunction vs. Mis-division)
Julia has triple X syndrome, meaning she has three X chromosomes. On one X she has an SNP that she shares with her paternal grandmother, one has an SNP that she shares with her maternal grandfather. When did this aneuploidy happen to cause Julia to have this syndrome?
Meiosis I in the mother
Meiosis I in the father
What are the major sources of genetic variation resulting from sexual reproduction?
i. Recombination during prophase I
ii. Recombination during prophase II
Two-toed sloths have a chromosome number 2n=50. How many chromatids would be found at the start of prophase II, and immediately at the end of meiosis II?
If you overheard someone in your biology class say that “plants are haploid and make gametes by mitosis, while animals are diploid and make gametes by meiosis”, would you agree or disagree with this statement, and why?
Which of the following characteristics are the same in both meiosis II and mitosis?
Imagine an alien from a distant planet that has 70 pairs of chromosomes. This alien has a mother with a serious mutation on chromosome 67. This alien, however, does not carry this deleterious allele on chromosome 67. Which of the following best describes how this chromosome was able to “repair itself”?
Anna has an extra chromosome 12. Of her three chromosome 12’s she shares an SNP
that is found on one of her mother’s chromosome 12’s. If Anna’s aneuploidy is due to a
single mistake in meiosis, which of the following steps of meiosis did the mistake occur?
What are the major sources of genetic variation resulting from sexual reproduction?
i. Recombination during prophase I
ii. Recombination during prophase II
Two-toed sloths have a chromosome number 2n=50. How many chromatids would be
found at the start of prophase II, and immediately at the end of meiosis II?
If you overheard someone in your biology class say that “plants are haploid and make
gametes by mitosis, while animals are diploid and make gametes by meiosis”, would you
agree or disagree with this statement, and why?
An alien from a distant planet has 70 pairs of chromosomes. How many individual
chromatids would a single cell undergoing meiosis have at metaphase II?
Which of the following characteristics are the same in both meiosis II and mitosis?
Individuals with Down’s syndrome have a trisomy of chromosome 21 that arose from a single error in meiosis. Imagine a child, Bella, who has parents with normal karyotypes. Only 1 of Bella’s chromosomes carries the same SNP as is found in her father. Which of the follow stages of meiosis could this error have occurred?
Meiosis I in the mother
Meiosis I in the father
Practice: Meiosis (n and C-values)
The frog species Xenopus tropicalis has 10 chromosomes and this species is viable with 4 copies of its genome. An individual with four copies of its genome would have what ploidy and what C-value coefficents at anaphase II of meiosis?
What are the two phases of meiosis that are the source of most of the variation in the four resulting daughter cells?
Which of the following is false regarding meiosis prophase II?
Which of the following is different between mitosis metaphase and meiosis metaphase II
Which of the following describes a cell at the end of prophase II?
What is the difference between mitosis metaphase and meiosis metaphase II?
Practice: Meiosis II
A haploid set of duplicated chromosomes is pulled apart by microtubules into individual sister chromatids. What process is most likely occurring?
An alien from a distant planet has 70 pairs of chromosomes. How many individual
chromatids would a single cell undergoing meiosis have at metaphase II?
Which of the following is present in meiosis, but not mitosis?
More Meiosis I Questions:
Which of the following is present in meiosis, but not mitosis?
At the end of meiosis the number of chromosome in daughter cells is ___ compared to the parent cell.
Meiosis
Pairs of homologous chromosome move to the equator of the cell during
Meisois
At the end of meiosis II you get four daughter cells. These daughter cells are
haploid
Crossing over
Crossing over occurs in which phase of meiosis?
Complete the following table:
Which of the following describes a newly fertilized human zygote?
Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is true?
During what stage do homologous chromosomes separate?
Which of the following definitions is incorrect?
Which of the following is not a method for enhancing genetic diversity?
During what stage do homologous chromosomes separate?
Practice: Crossover
What are the genotypes of the possible daughter cells that would result from the single crossover shown below?
Select all that apply.
Which of the following describes the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
1. Mitosis occurs in autosomal cells while meiosis in gamete cells
2. Mitosis involves undergoing cell division twice
Practice: Meiosis
Place the following stages of meiosis in order in which they occur.
In which of the following groups would you find meiosis?
1. Humans
2. Photosynthetic cyanobacteria
Which of the following is present in meiosis, but not mitosis?
Practice: Meiosis (Non-disjunction vs. Mis-division)
Julia has triple X syndrome, meaning she has three X chromosomes. On one X she has an SNP that she shares with her paternal grandmother, one has an SNP that she shares with her maternal grandfather. When did this aneuploidy happen to cause Julia to have this syndrome?
Meiosis I in the mother
Meiosis I in the father
What are the major sources of genetic variation resulting from sexual reproduction?
i. Recombination during prophase I
ii. Recombination during prophase II
Two-toed sloths have a chromosome number 2n=50. How many chromatids would be found at the start of prophase II, and immediately at the end of meiosis II?
If you overheard someone in your biology class say that “plants are haploid and make gametes by mitosis, while animals are diploid and make gametes by meiosis”, would you agree or disagree with this statement, and why?
Drosophila have a red versus white eye color gene that is sex linked. A white-eyed female mates with a red-eyed male giving a red-eyed female offspring with the genotype XXY. Where was the mistake in meiosis?
Which of the following is the most likely to give rise to Copy Number Variations?
Imagine an alien from a distant planet that has 70 pairs of chromosomes. This alien has a mother with a serious mutation on chromosome 67. This alien, however, does not carry this deleterious allele on chromosome 67. Which of the following best describes how this chromosome was able to “repair itself”?
Anna has an extra chromosome 12. Of her three chromosome 12’s she shares an SNP
that is found on one of her mother’s chromosome 12’s. If Anna’s aneuploidy is due to a
single mistake in meiosis, which of the following steps of meiosis did the mistake occur?
What are the major sources of genetic variation resulting from sexual reproduction?
i. Recombination during prophase I
ii. Recombination during prophase II
Two-toed sloths have a chromosome number 2n=50. How many chromatids would be
found at the start of prophase II, and immediately at the end of meiosis II?
If you overheard someone in your biology class say that “plants are haploid and make
gametes by mitosis, while animals are diploid and make gametes by meiosis”, would you
agree or disagree with this statement, and why?
An alien from a distant planet has 70 pairs of chromosomes. How many individual
chromatids would a single cell undergoing meiosis have at metaphase II?
Which of the following best describes how a chromosome is able to “repair itself”?
Individuals with Down’s syndrome have a trisomy of chromosome 21 that arose from a single error in meiosis. Imagine a child, Bella, who has parents with normal karyotypes. Only 1 of Bella’s chromosomes carries the same SNP as is found in her father. Which of the follow stages of meiosis could this error have occurred?
Meiosis I in the mother
Meiosis I in the father
Practice: Meiosis (n and C-values)
The frog species Xenopus tropicalis has 10 chromosomes and this species is viable with 4 copies of its genome. An individual with four copies of its genome would have what ploidy and what C-value coefficents at anaphase II of meiosis?
What are the two phases of meiosis that are the source of most of the variation in the four resulting daughter cells?
Which of the following is a source of genetic variability?
What do chiasmata indicate?
During what stage do homologous chromosomes separate?
Which of the following definitions is incorrect?
Which of the following is not a method for enhancing genetic diversity?
Which of the following is present in meiosis, but not mitosis?
Which of the following is the physical basis for Mendel's principle of segregation?
Practice: Meiosis I
What do chiasmata indicate?
Meiosis practice problem 1
What are the genotypes of the possible daughter cells that would result from the double crossover shown below?
In what stage of meiosis does independent assortment of chromosomes occur?
An alien from a distant planet has 70 pairs of chromosomes. How many individual
chromatids would a single cell undergoing meiosis have at metaphase II?
During what stage do homologous chromosomes line up beside each other?
Which of the following is present in meiosis, but not mitosis?
More The Cell Cycle Questions:
Complete the following table:
In which of the following phases is DNA replicated?
For G1 phase, the checkpoint requires that
For G2 phase, the checkpoint requires that
Phase
DNA is replicated during _______ phase
Cells prepare for division in the ___ phase
In which phase do chromosomes become fully condensed?
What are the two major phases of the cell cycle?
Which of the following can be found in diploid cells in G1 phase?
Cats are 2n=382n=38. A somatic cat cell stuck in G2 phase would have how many chromatids?
DNA replication in S phase can be observed using nucleotides that have been tagged with a radioactive or fluorescent label. Why would you need to be careful when choosing which nucleotide to label?
Practice: Cell Cycle
Draw a somatic cell that is n=5 in G1 phase and G2 phase.
If a cell contained 4 chromosomes during prophase, how many chromosomes and chromatids would it have during prometaphase?
How can FACs be used to quantify the amount of cells in different phases of the cell cycle?
A fluorescent dye that binds to DNA is added to a population of proliferating cells. The amount of fluorescence is directly proportional to the amount of DNA found in each cell. The following graph is generated:
Indicate on the graph where cells in each phase of the cell cycle (G1,S,G2,M)(G_1,S,G_2,M) are represented
Which of the following statements are CORRECT?
1. Mitotic events can be observed with a light microscope
2. Sister chromatids are generated during prophase
Practice: Mitosis
Complete the following table based on a cell that is 2n=12
Practice: Cell Cycle 2
A cell is 2n=82n=8and has the genotype a2/a2, b1/b2, c1/c2, d2/d2. Draw the cell:
a) in "G1 phase"
b) At "metaphase"
Practice: Genome 2
A diploid cell that is 2n = 4 receives a2, b2, and c2 alleles from one parent, and a1, b2, and c2 alleles from the other parent. Alleles a and b are on the same chromosome, while allele c is on another one. Draw the resulting cell after DNA replication (after S phase).
Practice: Genome 1
A haploid cell has the genetic formula n=8n=8. Draw how the cell would look after DNA replication (after S phase).
C-values
A somatic cell in G2 of the cell cycle has a c-value of 20pg.
What is the content in pg of the same cell in G1 phase of the cell cycle?
What is the c-value in pg of the species that this cell came from?
Cell cycle
In order, what are the phases of the Mitotic (M) phase of the cell cycle?
Cell cycle
In order, what are the phases of of interphase?
Genes & Alleles
Consider a wheat variety with a karyotype n=5 and 4n= 20.
What ploidy is this wheat variety?
How many different alleles of a gene can you find in an individual of this wheat?
If you were to look at a dividing somatic cell in prometaphase under a microscope, what structures could you see clearly given that you would be able to see all structures of the cell without an appropriate stain?
i. Condensed chrosmosomes
ii. A single centrosome
A cell that contains 24 sister chromatids in prophase would contain how many chromosomes at G1 of the next cell cycle?
A cell that contains 8 chromosomes at G1 will have how many chromosomes after anaphase?
When does DNA duplication occur?
Which of the following statements are CORRECT?
1. Mitotic events can be observed with a light microscope
2. Sister chromatids are generated during prophase
How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in the G2 stage of the cell cycle?
Which of the following can be found in diploid cells in G1 phase?
A human gamete stuck in G1 phase would have how many chromosomes?
The role of the G1 checkpoint is:
At what phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope first fragment?
A human somatic cell stuck in G2 phase would have how many pairs of sister chromatids?
A fluorescent dye that binds to DNA is added to a population of proliferating cells. The amount of fluorescence is directly proportional to the amount of DNA found in each cell. The following graph is generated:
Indicate on the graph where cells in each phase of the cell cycle (G1,S,G2,M)(G_1,S,G_2,M) are represented
A centromere joins a pair of
Practice Problem 4
Describe the forms that chromatin can take in the interphase nucleus.