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Match the following enzymes with their function.

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Wize University Biology Textbook > Transcription and Translation

Translation into Proteins

7 Activities

Wize University Biology Textbook > DNA Replication & Repair

Repair of DNA Mutations

3 Activities

Wize University Biology Textbook > DNA Replication & Repair

In vivo DNA Replication

5 Activities

Match the following enzymes with their function.
A.
excises mismatched/ incorrect base pairs during DNA repair
B.
unwinds the double helical DNA structure
C.
relieves torsional stress upstream of the replication fork
D.
adds repeat sequences to the ends of DNA
E.
catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids
peptidyl transferase
Topoisomerase
3'-->5' exonuclease
helicase
telomerase
More Translation into Proteins Questions:
Match the correct options.
tRNA
Why are there so many tRNA molecules?
Which of the following statements is true regarding translation?
What type of interaction occurs between the codon of the mRNA and anticodon of the tRNA:
What end of the protein molecule is synthesized first?
What is the role of tRNA?
a) Read mRNA codons using anticodons and assemble amino acids in the proper sequence to make a protein
b) Package and transport proteins to various locations in the cell
Where do both transcription and translation take place in eukaryotes?
Ribosomes
What are ribosomes responsible for producing?
Practice: tRNA vs mRNA
An anticodon of a tRNA has the sequence 5'-GCA-3'. Use an amino acid table like the one from the theory to help you!
a) What amino acid does the tRNA carry?
b) What is a complimentary mRNA codon?
The ribosome is made up of
The ribosome preforms the process called _____ while RNA polymerase preforms the process called ____
Practice: Translation
Match the correct options.
Practice: Components for Protein Translation
Which of the following is not necessary for protein translation to occur?
Which of the following functions as an RNA-protein complex?
Ribosomes
snRNPs
If the codon for arginine in DNA is 3'GCA, what would be the expected tRNA anticodon sequence?
Consider a typical prokaryotic gene as shown. Which of the numbers indicates a sequence that is transcribed but not translated?
Why is annotating a eukaryotic genome a lot more difficult than a prokaryotic genome?
What is required before the elongation of a polypeptide in a prokaryotic cell can begin?
How is a finished polypeptide released from the ribosome?
Which of the following is not necessary for protein translation to occur?
What is synthesized at the N-termini of every polypeptide in eukaryotes?
What is the first amino acid of a translated polypeptide?
If a reading frame shift occurs during translation of an mRNA transcript, what is the MOST likely outcome?
Translation and Primary structure Question
A protein coding polypeptide chain... (select all that apply)
Translation
Which of the following statements is true regarding translation?
Use the codon dictionary below to complete the following table. Assume that reading is from left to right and that the columns represent transcriptional and translational alignments.
Translation Initiation
How is translation initiation different between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
tRNA
Why are there so many tRNA molecules?
Explain the stages of translation elongation including the ribosomal sites in your answer.
Match the correct options.
Membrane Proteins
If a random protein was mutated, what effect do you think that the following amino acid substitutions would have on the structure of the protein? Would these substitutions affect secondary, tertiary, or quaternary protein structure?
a. Cys →\rightarrow Pro
b. Asp →\rightarrowLys
More Repair of DNA Mutations Questions:
Practice: DNA Repair
Which of the following types of DNA repair can cause mutation?
Excision repair
Homology-directed repair
Practice: Thymine Dimers
Which of the following are ways that eukaryotes fix thymine dimers?
DNA repair
Which of the following are steps in repairing mismatched DNA basepairs.
DNA repair Multiple Choice Question
During replication, which of the following enzymes' main function is to excise incorrect/ mismatched bases?
DNA repair
Which of the following are steps in repairing mismatched DNA basepairs.
Which of the following is consistent with the observation that cancers have an important epigenetic component?
Some tumor supressor proteins are involved in DNA repair
Some carcinogens are not mutagens
Which of the following are directly responsible for ensuring that cells do not replicate in the event of DNA damage?
Practice: DNA Repair
Which of the following types of DNA repair can cause mutation?
Practice: Thymine Dimers
Which of the following are ways that eukaryotes fix thymine dimers?
In what situation would a long strand of repetitive DNA cause a deletion mutation?
Which of the following mechanisms of DNA repair does not include extending the 3' end of the DNA backbone?
Which of the follow reasons best describes the high fidelity of DNA replication?
Which of the follow reasons best describes the high fidelity of DNA replication?
Practice: DNA Repair
What is the primary method by which DNA polymerase fixes errors while it is actively replicating the DNA?
DNA repair Multiple Choice Question
During replication, which of the following enzymes' main function is to excise incorrect/ mismatched bases?
DNA Damage
What type of DNA damage is caused by UV light?
DNA repair
Which of the following are steps in repairing mismatched DNA basepairs.
More In vivo DNA Replication Questions:
What is the best definition of the nature of DNA replication?
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complimentary to the following strand of DNA – 3’ TAGCTACGTTAT 5’?
Practice: 5-bromo-uracil Causing an SNP
You decide to incubate your cells with the mutagen 5-bromo-uracil for 2 rounds of replication. Which of the following sequences are the correct sequence change after 2 rounds of replication in the presence of 5-bromo-uracil if your starting sequence is CGTCAG?
Practice: DNA Replication
Which of the following acts first during DNA replication?
DNA replication
What is the role of primase during DNA replication? How does the role of primase differ on the leading strand vs. the lagging strand?
DNA Replication
What prevents super coiling of DNA during DNA replication?
Practice: 5-bromo-uracil Causing an SNP
You decide to incubate your cells with the mutagen 5-bromo-uracil for 2 rounds of replication. Which of the following sequences are the correct sequence change after 1 more round of replication in the presence of 5-bromo-uracil if your starting sequence is CGTCAG?
Practice: DNA Replication
Which of the following acts first during DNA replication?
Practice: DNA Replication
Which of the following acts first during DNA replication?
DNA Replication
Which of the following proteins can extend the 5' end of a DNA strand?
1. DNA polymerase III
2. Ligase
DNA Replication
RNA primers are used by the cell during DNA replication. If you were to look at the nucleotide sequence of all of the RNA primers used during DNA replication, how would they compare?
DNA Replication
RNA primers are used by the cell during DNA replication. If you were to look at the nucleotide sequence of all of the RNA primers used during DNA replication, how would they compare?
DNA Replication
RNA primers are used by the cell during DNA replication. If you were to look at the nucleotide sequence of all of the RNA primers used during DNA replication, how would they compare?
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complimentary to the following single-stranded DNA molecule? Write it in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
5'-GGATCTGCTATG-3'
Consider the 5' and 3' designations:
i. They must be on the same ends for two DNA strands in a helix (parallel)
ii. They must be on opposite ends for two DNA strands in a helix (antiparallel)
What direction are nucleic acids written in?
Genome
A diploid cell that is 2n = 4 receives a2, b2, and c2 alleles from one parent, and a1, b2, and c2 alleles from the other parent. Alleles a and b are on the same chromosome, while allele c is on another one.
Draw the resulting cell after DNA replication.
"___________" synthesizes DNA until it hits the primer of the next "_________" fragment
Describe DNA replication on the lagging strand in detail (after DNA helicase has unwound the double-stranded DNA). Be sure to include key proteins/enzymes as well as their functions.
Which of the following relieves torsional tension during DNA replication
You are preforming an experiment to determine the way a mysterious life form replicates its DNA. [The DNA contains the same bases]. You grow this life form up in heavy Nitrogen (15N) and then transfer that into a broth (food for the life form) to light (14N) nitrogen. The zero generation has 100% Heavy-Heavy strands. The next generation has 50% Heavy-Heavy strands and 50% light-light strands. The generation after contains 25% Heavy-Heavy strands and 75% light-light strands.
What type of DNA replication is occurring?
DNA replication
What is the role of primase?
DNA replication
Once DNA has separated _____ attaches to them.
DNA replication
DNA synthesis always occurs in the _______ direction
Cell cycle practice problem 1
A scientist grows some cells in a medium containing radioactive nucleotides, so all of the DNA within the cells are radioactive. She then transfers the cells to a medium containing normal nucleotides, and allows them to divide. If a cell undergoes one round of mitosis, what percentage of the daughter cells' DNA will be radioactive?
Cats have 19 chromosomes and are diploid. How many strands of DNA are there in a non-dividing cat skin cell?
Practice: semi-conservative DNA replication
A cell is grown in a solution containing radioactive nucleotides, so that its DNA is labeled with radioactivity. It is removed from the radioactive solution and grown in normal medium, so that any new DNA strands it makes will not be radioactive. In the normal medium, the cell replicates its DNA and divides. The two daughter cells also replicate their DNA and divide, producing a total of four cells. If a dotted line represents a radioactive DNA strand, which of
the following depicts the DNA of the four cells?
Practice: Cell Cycle1
A scientist grows some cells in a medium containing radioactive nucleotides, so all of the DNA within the cells are radioactive. She then transfers the cells to a medium containing normal nucleotides and allows them to divide. If a cell undergoes one round of mitosis, what percentage of the daughter cells' DNA will be radioactive?
Is it possible for a gene to be coded for within an intron of another gene?
DNA Structure
Which of the following enzymes is classified as a phosphodiesterase?
1. Topoisomerase
2. Primase
Practice: Location of the leading strand
The image below shows primers in a replication bubble where the bottom strand from left to right reads 3' to 5'. Which of the following is true regarding the strand placement of the primers:
DNA Replication
Which of the following proteins can extend the 5' end of a DNA strand?
1. DNA polymerase III
2. Ligase
DNA Replication
RNA primers are used by the cell during DNA replication. If you were to look at the nucleotide sequence of all of the RNA primers used during DNA replication, how would they compare?
DNA Replication
You have a culture of human cells in a dish. You have been growing these cells in normal media, but now you decide to add a fluorescently labelled adenosine to the culture media. The doubling time of your plate is about 8 hours, and after 8 hours you want to know where the fluorescently labelled adenosine has been incorporated. Which of the following is correct?
Two scientists named Meselson and Stahl performed an experiment with bacteria were they grew bacteria in 15N containing media. They then cultured these bacteria in 14N only containing media for two replication cycles. They extract DNA after each replication cycle and used a centrifuge to determine the density of the DNA. The results are shown below. If they were to perform this same experiment and collect after three replication cycles, what would the DNA density look like?
If you block the activity of DNA polymerase III, which of the following would be affected?
If thymine in the following sequence: ATGAG, undergoes a tautomeric shift, which of the following represent correct sequence after 2 rounds of replication?
You are growing a population of bacteria in normal bacterial culture. You then decide to introduce adenines into the cells that are covalently bonded to a fluorescent tag. After 2 rounds of replication in these cells, where would you find the fluorescent signal?
DNA replication naturally occurs in the structure of a replication bubble. Which of the following statements are true regarding the structure of components of this bubble?
The top strand of the replication bubble contains both a leading and lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA
Topoisomerase opens the DNA strand at the origin of replication
Which of the following would not be classified as a phosphodiesterase?
i. Primase
ii. Topoisomerase
The ends of chromosomes are elongated by telomerase. Which of the following proteins is also involved in ensuring the inheritance of sameness at the ends of chromosomes?
i. DNA polymerase III
ii. Primase
Which of the follow reasons best describes the high fidelity of DNA replication?
The replication bubble below has a top strand going from 5’ to 3’. If the origin of replication is at the arrow which direction (left or right) is DNA polymerase going to extend each of these RNA primers?
The replication bubble to the left has a top strand going from 5’→\rightarrow3’. If the origin of replication is at the arrow which direction (left or right) is DNA polymerase going to extend each of these RNA primers?
Which of the follow reasons best describes the high fidelity of DNA replication?
The ends of chromosomes are elongated by telomerase. Which of the following proteins
is also involved in ensuring the inheritance of sameness of the ends of chromosomes?
i. DNA polymerase III
DNA replication naturally occurs in the structure of a replication bubble. Which of the
following statements is true regarding the structure of components of this bubble?
i. The top strand of the replication bubble contains both a leading and
Which of the following would not be classified as a phosphodiesterase?
i. Primase
ii. Topoisomerase
What is the role of single stranded binding proteins in DNA replication?
From Term Test 2 Prep: Which of the following is the correct completion of this replication bubble?
What makes DNA replication semi-conservative?
If you treated a cell with a chemical that inhibits helicase, would happen to the replication bubble during S phase of the cell cycle?
Practice: 5-bromo-uracil Causing an SNP
You decide to incubate your cells with the mutagen 5-bromo-uracil for 2 rounds of replication. Which of the following sequences are the correct sequence change after 2 rounds of replication in the presence of 5-bromo-uracil if your starting sequence is CGTCAG?
What is the function of DNA polymerase I?
How are new nucleotides added to a growing DNA strand?
Which of the following acts first during DNA replication?
What is the function of primase in DNA replication?
Which of the following best describes DNA synthesis of Okazaki fragments?
What is the function of topoisomerase and where does it function?
Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?
What is the function of DNA polymerase III?
What are Okazaki fragments?
Which of the following is true in regards to DNA replication?
DNA replication
What is the role of primase during DNA replication? How does the role of primase differ on the leading strand vs. the lagging strand?
Meselson-Stahl Experiment
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding DNA replication?
Practice: DNA Replication
On the leading strand of the replication fork, new DNA synthesis occurs:
You culture bacteria in media containing fluorescently tagged guanine. After a single
round of replication where would the fluorescently tagged guanine be? Draw circles on
the double stranded pieces of DNA below.
The Y shaped structure where the DNA double helix is unwound during DNA replication is called
What is the base sequence of the DNA strand that would be complimentary to the following strand of DNA – 3’ TAGCTACGTTAT 5’?
DNA replication naturally occurs in the structure of a replication bubble. Which of the following statements are true regarding the structure of components of this bubble?
i. The top strand of the replication bubble contains both a leading and
lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA
DNA synthesis is semi-conservative, which means what?
A double stranded DNA molecule has the following sequence on the one strand. 5’ AAAAAAAAAAAA 3’
You incubate this DNA in a solution of radioactively labelled dATP and allow DNA replication to occur. Will both daughter strands be radioactive, yes or no?
During DNA replication, new nucleotides are added:
Practice: Cell Cycle 1
A scientist grows some cells in a medium containing radioactive nucleotides, so all of the DNA within the cells are radioactive. She then transfers the cells to a medium containing normal nucleotides, and allows them to divide. If a cell undergoes one round of mitosis, what percentage of the daughter cells' DNA will be radioactive?
Practice: DNA Replication
Which of the following acts first during DNA replication?
Origin of Replication
DNA gets replicated at origin of replications. What is the name of the the prokaryotic origin of replication? the Eukaryotic?
DNA replication
Which protein in the replication fork prevents the separated DNA strands reforming the double helix?
DNA Ligase
What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?
DNA Replication
What hold the DNA polymerase to the DNA strand it is replicating?
DNA Polymerase
What is the role of DNA polymerase I in prokaryotic DNA replication?
Explain why there is a leading strand and a lagging strand during DNA replication.
DNA Replication
What prevents super coiling of DNA during DNA replication?