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What is the role of tRNA? a) Read mRNA codons using anticodons and assemble ami…

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Wize University Biology Textbook > Transcription and Translation

Eukaryotic Transcription

2 Activities

Wize University Biology Textbook > Transcription and Translation

Translation into Proteins

7 Activities

What is the role of tRNA?

a) Read mRNA codons using anticodons and assemble amino acids in the proper sequence to make a protein
b) Package and transport proteins to various locations in the cell
c) Transcribe DNA into RNA
d) Transport RNA out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm
e) None of the above
More Eukaryotic Transcription Questions:
Predict the effects of the following mutations. (Note that heritable mutations occur in the DNA, but I am giving you the mRNA version in order to simplify things. Assume that codons are in frame.)
a. AUG →\rightarrowAUA
b. AG splice site →\rightarrowAA
Prokaryotic transcription differs from eukaryotic transcription in that... (select all that apply)
Practice: Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Transcription
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?
There is a gene that codes for a protein that is differentially expressed in lung and heart tissue. What are some possible ways that this gene is post-transcriptionally regulated?
Practice: Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Transcription
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?
Which of the following are understood by the eukaryotic cell as RNA in the nucleus? - Practice Question
Which of the following are understood by the eukaryotic cell as RNA in the nucleus?
Start codon
Intron-exon boundaries
Where do both transcription and translation take place in eukaryotes?
The diagram represents regions around a gene encoding a mRNA. The translation initiation codon (AUG) is present in exon 1 of the mRNA. The stop codon (UGA) is present in exon 4.
Where is the TATA box located?
What is the base sequence of the DNA template sequence from which the following mRNA sequence is derived?
5'-GGUAUC-3'
__________ regulate which genes or subset of genes are transcribed in a particular cell type:
What is the base sequence of the mRNA strand that would be synthesized from the following DNA template strand?
5'-GTTAAC-3'
RNA is synthesized on a DNA template in a process called __________, which utilizes the enzyme __________:
Which of the following statements are false?
i. Introns are the coding regions in DNA
ii. Exons are the non-coding regions in DNA
Which of the following commonly make up RNA's secondary structure?
In eukaryotes, which of the following is true about transcription:
i. Removal of exons
ii. Addition of a poly-U tail
RNA polymerase (in prokaryotes) requires what subunit in order to recognize the promoter sequence?
What is the base sequence of the mRNA strand that would be synthesized from the following DNA template strand?
5'-GTTAAC-3'
RNA is synthesized on a DNA template in a process called __________, which utilizes the enzyme __________:
What are the three stages of transcription?
The ribosome preforms the process called _____ while RNA polymerase preforms the process called ____
If you found a drug that inhibits transcription but cannot enter the nucleus what would it be useful for?
Practice: DNA encoding
Given the mRNA strand below, determine the DNA encoding this region (template and non-template strand).
5'-AUGGCAGGAC-3'
Transcription
Label the following statements as true or false
A. When RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in to RNA, the RNA is an exact copy of the DNA stand being transcribed.
B. Uracil complements with adenine in RNA.
Which of the following are understood by the eukaryotic cell as RNA in the nucleus? - Practice Question
Which of the following are understood by the eukaryotic cell as RNA in the nucleus?
The synthesis, processing and function of a eukaryotic miRNA involves complimentary base pairing with which of the following?
DNA
tRNA
Which of the following are neither transcribed nor translated?
TATA box
Enhancer
Which of the following information is understood by the cell in the form of RNA?
Consider a gene that has moved through lateral gene transfer from the mitochondria to the nucleus. This gene, although now in the nucleus, still exerts its function in the mitochondria. What would this gene absolutely need to acquire in order to be properly expressed?
Which of the following would be found in both the eukaryotic genes encoding ribosomal proteins and ribosomal rRNA?
The human body often expresses different proteins or amounts of proteins originating from the same gene in different tissues. Which of the following are possible explanations for this phenomena?
You express the transcription factor BTF3 fused to a green fluorescent protein (GFP). Using live cell imaging immunofluorescent microscopy you want to visualize the localization of this protein in the cell. Under the microscope, where would you expect to see positive signal?
There is a gene that codes for a protein that is differentially expressed in lung and heart tissue. What are some possible ways that this gene is post-transcriptionally regulated?
Which of the following components would be coded for in the DNA of the rhodopsin gene?
A protein is coding for Proline-Histidine-Serine-Threonine, if the below listed DNA sequences are shown from 5' to 3', which DNA sequence would be used as a template for the mRNA strand that codes for this string of amino acids?
Which of the following proteins would you find bound to DNA during eukaryotic gene expression?
You treat a eukaryotic cell with a compound that is a zinc-finger inhibitor by acting to pull the zinc ions away from those proteins. Which of the following would be inhibited by such a compound?
Using a fluorescently tagged antibody for TATA binding protein, the transcription factor that binds the TATA box, where in the cell would you see fluorescence under a fluorescent microscope?
Where in the Chlamydomonas cell would you find mRNA with a 5’ CAP?
Which of the following is understood by a eukaryotic cell as RNA found in the cytoplasm?
Which of the following is true of histones?
Practice: cDNA Length
Does the length of a gene always correlate to the length of the cDNA of that gene (e.g. Does a gene that is 1kb long have a longer cDNA sequence than a gene that is only 600kb long)? Why or why not?
Which RNA polymerases are required to transcribe rRNA?
Prokaryotic transcription differs from eukaryotic transcription in that... (select all that apply)
Practice: Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Transcription
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?
Draw a two-intron eukaryotic gene and its pre-mRNA and mRNA products.
Predict the effects of the following mutations. (Note that heritable mutations occur in the DNA, but I am giving you the mRNA version in order to simplify things. Assume that codons are in frame.)
a. AUG →\rightarrowAUA
b. AG splice site →\rightarrowAA
Practice: Transcription & Translation
Both transcription and translation are said to proceed via three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Focusing on eukaryotes, summarize each step for transcription and translation.
Practice: Exam Question
This is a very complicated image that is quite popular as an exam question. Match the letters on the micrograph with the following terms:
Where is this process occurring? Explain.
More Translation into Proteins Questions:
Match the correct options.
tRNA
Why are there so many tRNA molecules?
Which of the following statements is true regarding translation?
What type of interaction occurs between the codon of the mRNA and anticodon of the tRNA:
What end of the protein molecule is synthesized first?
Where do both transcription and translation take place in eukaryotes?
Ribosomes
What are ribosomes responsible for producing?
Practice: tRNA vs mRNA
An anticodon of a tRNA has the sequence 5'-GCA-3'. Use an amino acid table like the one from the theory to help you!
a) What amino acid does the tRNA carry?
b) What is a complimentary mRNA codon?
The ribosome is made up of
The ribosome preforms the process called _____ while RNA polymerase preforms the process called ____
Practice: Translation
Match the correct options.
Practice: Components for Protein Translation
Which of the following is not necessary for protein translation to occur?
Which of the following functions as an RNA-protein complex?
Ribosomes
snRNPs
If the codon for arginine in DNA is 3'GCA, what would be the expected tRNA anticodon sequence?
Consider a typical prokaryotic gene as shown. Which of the numbers indicates a sequence that is transcribed but not translated?
Why is annotating a eukaryotic genome a lot more difficult than a prokaryotic genome?
What is required before the elongation of a polypeptide in a prokaryotic cell can begin?
How is a finished polypeptide released from the ribosome?
Which of the following is not necessary for protein translation to occur?
What is synthesized at the N-termini of every polypeptide in eukaryotes?
What is the first amino acid of a translated polypeptide?
If a reading frame shift occurs during translation of an mRNA transcript, what is the MOST likely outcome?
Match the following enzymes with their function.
Translation and Primary structure Question
A protein coding polypeptide chain... (select all that apply)
Translation
Which of the following statements is true regarding translation?
Use the codon dictionary below to complete the following table. Assume that reading is from left to right and that the columns represent transcriptional and translational alignments.
Translation Initiation
How is translation initiation different between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
tRNA
Why are there so many tRNA molecules?
Explain the stages of translation elongation including the ribosomal sites in your answer.
Match the correct options.
Membrane Proteins
If a random protein was mutated, what effect do you think that the following amino acid substitutions would have on the structure of the protein? Would these substitutions affect secondary, tertiary, or quaternary protein structure?
a. Cys →\rightarrow Pro
b. Asp →\rightarrowLys