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There is a gene that codes for a protein that is differentially expressed in lu…

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Wize University Biology Textbook > Transcription and Translation

Eukaryotic Transcription

2 Activities

Wize University Biology Textbook > Gene Expression & Regulation

Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation

3 Activities

There is a gene that codes for a protein that is differentially expressed in lung and heart tissue. What are some possible ways that this gene is post-transcriptionally regulated?
More Eukaryotic Transcription Questions:
Predict the effects of the following mutations. (Note that heritable mutations occur in the DNA, but I am giving you the mRNA version in order to simplify things. Assume that codons are in frame.)
a. AUG →\rightarrowAUA
b. AG splice site →\rightarrowAA
Prokaryotic transcription differs from eukaryotic transcription in that... (select all that apply)
Practice: Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Transcription
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?
There is a gene that codes for a protein that is differentially expressed in lung and heart tissue. What are some possible ways that this gene is post-transcriptionally regulated?
Practice: Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Transcription
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?
Which of the following are understood by the eukaryotic cell as RNA in the nucleus? - Practice Question
Which of the following are understood by the eukaryotic cell as RNA in the nucleus?
Start codon
Intron-exon boundaries
What is the role of tRNA?
a) Read mRNA codons using anticodons and assemble amino acids in the proper sequence to make a protein
b) Package and transport proteins to various locations in the cell
Where do both transcription and translation take place in eukaryotes?
The diagram represents regions around a gene encoding a mRNA. The translation initiation codon (AUG) is present in exon 1 of the mRNA. The stop codon (UGA) is present in exon 4.
Where is the TATA box located?
What is the base sequence of the DNA template sequence from which the following mRNA sequence is derived?
5'-GGUAUC-3'
__________ regulate which genes or subset of genes are transcribed in a particular cell type:
What is the base sequence of the mRNA strand that would be synthesized from the following DNA template strand?
5'-GTTAAC-3'
RNA is synthesized on a DNA template in a process called __________, which utilizes the enzyme __________:
Which of the following statements are false?
i. Introns are the coding regions in DNA
ii. Exons are the non-coding regions in DNA
Which of the following commonly make up RNA's secondary structure?
In eukaryotes, which of the following is true about transcription:
i. Removal of exons
ii. Addition of a poly-U tail
RNA polymerase (in prokaryotes) requires what subunit in order to recognize the promoter sequence?
What is the base sequence of the mRNA strand that would be synthesized from the following DNA template strand?
5'-GTTAAC-3'
RNA is synthesized on a DNA template in a process called __________, which utilizes the enzyme __________:
What are the three stages of transcription?
The ribosome preforms the process called _____ while RNA polymerase preforms the process called ____
If you found a drug that inhibits transcription but cannot enter the nucleus what would it be useful for?
Practice: DNA encoding
Given the mRNA strand below, determine the DNA encoding this region (template and non-template strand).
5'-AUGGCAGGAC-3'
Transcription
Label the following statements as true or false
A. When RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in to RNA, the RNA is an exact copy of the DNA stand being transcribed.
B. Uracil complements with adenine in RNA.
Which of the following are understood by the eukaryotic cell as RNA in the nucleus? - Practice Question
Which of the following are understood by the eukaryotic cell as RNA in the nucleus?
The synthesis, processing and function of a eukaryotic miRNA involves complimentary base pairing with which of the following?
DNA
tRNA
Which of the following are neither transcribed nor translated?
TATA box
Enhancer
Which of the following information is understood by the cell in the form of RNA?
Consider a gene that has moved through lateral gene transfer from the mitochondria to the nucleus. This gene, although now in the nucleus, still exerts its function in the mitochondria. What would this gene absolutely need to acquire in order to be properly expressed?
Which of the following would be found in both the eukaryotic genes encoding ribosomal proteins and ribosomal rRNA?
The human body often expresses different proteins or amounts of proteins originating from the same gene in different tissues. Which of the following are possible explanations for this phenomena?
You express the transcription factor BTF3 fused to a green fluorescent protein (GFP). Using live cell imaging immunofluorescent microscopy you want to visualize the localization of this protein in the cell. Under the microscope, where would you expect to see positive signal?
Which of the following components would be coded for in the DNA of the rhodopsin gene?
A protein is coding for Proline-Histidine-Serine-Threonine, if the below listed DNA sequences are shown from 5' to 3', which DNA sequence would be used as a template for the mRNA strand that codes for this string of amino acids?
Which of the following proteins would you find bound to DNA during eukaryotic gene expression?
You treat a eukaryotic cell with a compound that is a zinc-finger inhibitor by acting to pull the zinc ions away from those proteins. Which of the following would be inhibited by such a compound?
Using a fluorescently tagged antibody for TATA binding protein, the transcription factor that binds the TATA box, where in the cell would you see fluorescence under a fluorescent microscope?
Where in the Chlamydomonas cell would you find mRNA with a 5’ CAP?
Which of the following is understood by a eukaryotic cell as RNA found in the cytoplasm?
Which of the following is true of histones?
Practice: cDNA Length
Does the length of a gene always correlate to the length of the cDNA of that gene (e.g. Does a gene that is 1kb long have a longer cDNA sequence than a gene that is only 600kb long)? Why or why not?
Which RNA polymerases are required to transcribe rRNA?
Prokaryotic transcription differs from eukaryotic transcription in that... (select all that apply)
Practice: Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Transcription
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?
Draw a two-intron eukaryotic gene and its pre-mRNA and mRNA products.
Predict the effects of the following mutations. (Note that heritable mutations occur in the DNA, but I am giving you the mRNA version in order to simplify things. Assume that codons are in frame.)
a. AUG →\rightarrowAUA
b. AG splice site →\rightarrowAA
Practice: Transcription & Translation
Both transcription and translation are said to proceed via three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Focusing on eukaryotes, summarize each step for transcription and translation.
Practice: Exam Question
This is a very complicated image that is quite popular as an exam question. Match the letters on the micrograph with the following terms:
Where is this process occurring? Explain.
More Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation Questions:
You are studying two distinct protein isoforms which seem to arise from the same gene. The two isoforms seem to arise due to a single base pair change found on the mRNA transcript that changes the C at position 854 on the mRNA to a U. As a result of this change, isoform 1 contains the codon CAG (Glutamine) and is translated into a full length protein. However, isoform 2 contains the codon UAG (Stop) and is translated into a truncated protein. This change is most likely the result of which of the following?
The CRISPR/Cas9 system and RNA interference by siRNA are both methods used to knockdown proteins. Which of the following is NOT a key difference between the two techniques?
There is a gene that codes for a protein that is differentially expressed in lung and heart tissue. What are some possible ways that this gene is post-transcriptionally regulated?
Which of the following accurately describes why a single SNP could affect the expression of more than one protein in eukaryotes?
Which of the following are neither transcribed nor translated?
TATA box
Enhancer
What is the mechanism by which microRNA affects the production of gene products?
The human body often expresses different proteins or amounts of proteins originating from the same gene in different tissues. Which of the following are possible explanations for this phenomena?
The CRISPR/Cas9 system and RNA interference by siRNA are both methods used to knockdown proteins. Which of the following is NOT a key difference between the two techniques?
You are studying two distinct protein isoforms which seem to arise from the same gene. The two isoforms seem to arise due to a single base pair change found on the mRNA transcript that changes the C at position 854 on the mRNA to a U. As a result of this change, isoform 1 contains the codon CAG (Glutamine) and is translated into a full length protein. However, isoform 2 contains the codon UAG (Stop) and is translated into a truncated protein. This change is most likely the result of which of the following?
You are studying the mRNA concentration levels of a certain cytokine gene in a cell under different stressful conditions. You notice that when the cell is placed under a chemical stressor, the cytokine protein is present at very high amounts in the cells. Once the stressor is removed, cytokine proteins are almost completely gone. You also observe that in both the stressed and non-stressed conditions, the concentration of the cytokine transcript remains the same. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?
Practice: Eukaryotic Cells
Certain proteins are nearly universal amongst eukaryotic cells. However, when comparing different organisms, the sequences of the genes that encode these proteins can vary quite a bit.
Provide two explanations as to how this may be possible.